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冠词是数量最少的一种词类,但它在实际应用时却很复杂,同学们千万不可轻视它。
Q:不定冠词a与an有什么区别
A:a与an的区别在于:如果不定冠词后的名词或者形容词是以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。如果是以元音音素开头,则用不定冠词an。
1.例如u虽然是元音字母,但当它在单词中发[ju:]的音时,前面的冠词用a,如a useful language,a university;但当u在单词中发[^]时,前面的冠词应用an,如an unusual day。
2.在26个字母中,还有一些辅音字母的读音是以元音音素开头的,如f[ef],I[el],x[eks]等,这时我们应该注意它们前面使用的冠词,如:
There is a“u”and an“s”in the word“us”.
3.在以h开头的单词中,当h不发音时,前面的冠词用an,如:an hour;但当h发[h]音时,应用a。如:a hen,a horse 。
Q: 怎样掌握含有不定冠词的词组或惯用短语?
A:熟记,熟记一些常用词组,是一个有效的学习方法。
熟记下列词组:
half an hour,in a hurry,just a moment,with a smile,have a cold,have a rest,have a try,have a good time,have a meeting,go for a walk,want a go,make a telephone call,leave a message 等。
Q: 怎样学习和使用定冠词?
A:学习定冠词我认为要做到七个字。“一学,二记,三留心”。
一学基本规则:
1.定冠词是指特定的人或物,用于特指的名词前,如: The book is mine.
2.当第二次提到某人或某物时,要用定冠词,如:There is a factory near our school.The factory makes shoes.
3.形容词最高级前用the, 如:the heaviest truck。
4.序数词前常用the,如 : the third lap。
5.世界上独一无二的事物前常用the,如 :The moon goes round the earth.
6.在姓的复数前加the,表示一家人或夫妇,如the Greens表示格林一家人或格林夫妇。
二记惯用短语:
如at the same time,all the time,at the beginning of,at the moment,by the way,in the middle of,during the holiday,by the end of twentieth century等。
三要留心课文中出现的特殊情况:
例如:在中国的北方一般翻译为in the north of China。但North China,用方位词修饰专用名词,就不用定冠词,翻译为“华北”,它和泛泛的“中国的北方”含义不同。
又如有普通名词构成的专有名词的前面需要加定冠词,如:the Yellow River,the Great Wall,the Summer Place等;而有些专有名词如Jilin Province等前就没有定冠词。
Q:什么叫“零冠词”?
A:一般来说,在一个句子中,单数的可数名词前是需要加冠词,如We go to school by bus.这种不加冠词的现象,就叫“零冠词”。
零冠词用法
(1)专有名词和不可数名词前,例如:England,China,Christmas,October,Chinese,English,rice,meat,tea,milk
(2)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如:Children often love to play this game.desks and chairs are usually made of wood.
(3)名词前已有指示代词this/these/,that/those;物主代词my,your,his,her等,不定代词some,any等及所有格等修饰语。例如:
Her hat is under her chair.
What colour is Jim's sweater.
There are some banana trees there.
(4)星期,月份,机械,节日前,例如:
Today is September 10th,Teachers' Day.
on Saturday,June 21st,1991
Winter lasts from November to January,and is very cold.
(5)在称呼语或表示关衔的名词前,例如:
Here it is,Mom!
Uncle Wang welcomed us at the gate.
(6)在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名词前。例如:
I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.
Did Jim have eggs for breakfast yesterday?
Can you play basketball?
注意:I can see a football.(指足球,并非“球类运动”)
Where's the football?
(7)当名词bed,school,hospital,church,prison等失去原有场所的意义,而表示有关动作或状态时。例如:
I went to school when I was only five.
I went to the school to see an old friend.
(8)在某些习语和固定搭配中,不用冠词。例如:day by day,day and night,here and there,hour after hour,by air,on foot,in class,on show,on holiday,at work,on duty。
总之,冠词的用法很复杂,同学们在学习时应该特别注意。