空间集团大楼:新与旧,从封闭走向开放

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Location：219 Wonseo-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea

Site Area：660 M2(old)208. 30 M2

Total Floor Area：1,350 M2 (old)479.83 M2

Floor Area：124.67 M2

Floor：1BF, 5F

Structure：Reinf. Concrete, Brick, Wood(old)Reinforced Concrete

Major-Materials：THK12 Tempered Glass, Exposed CONC.

Construction：Sam Hyup Consturction, Co., LTD

Design：（old1971）1996

Completion：（old1977）1997

Client：Space Group

考虑到Changdeokgung宫殿在附近的缘故，新的空间集团大厦四周都用玻璃作外墙，它的设计旨在使占地最小；而旧的空间集团大厦是一个封闭式建筑，内部空间做到了最大化。这样一来，新旧两栋楼奏响了一部“空间交响曲”。

建筑和其他艺术种类的不同之处在于：建筑是关于人们生活的特殊景象。人们到底是如何生活的呢？这其中包括居住，离开，聚集和分散。这个过程正如构筑空间，空间或者闭合或者开放，不停交替。占据这些空间的建筑又面临或近或远的其他建筑，他们与道路构成一番和谐景象，最终融合于自然，这一切的根基都在于自然。这就好像一出长长的戏，戏中两座山相连，两条河相交，一座山又连着一座河，构成和谐的画面。空间构成内在，自然环境即是外在，它们都是建筑学里永久的词汇。自然地把内部空间和建筑外部空间联系起来，同时让他们交错反转，是建筑所追求的境界，建筑师在各个方面都意识到这一点。

空间集团大厦坐落于韩国首尔，是一个里程碑式的建筑，它代表着韩国人新式的空间概念，是建筑哲学中“韩式”风格的缩影。这个建筑由建筑师Swoo-geum Kim(1931~1986)设计，张扬了具有韩国特色的“空间美学”，这种风格在日本殖民统治时期曾一度长期遭到压制。低垂的天花板、迷宫般狭长的走廊、向两个不同方向蜿蜒的楼梯以及大量类似于相框的暗角和将墙壁放置于三维空间中的做法，这一切都仅仅只是一个序幕，它昭示着一个华美的空间即将展示在人们面前。另外一个特点就是采用了悬挑结构，重叠的小空间如同母亲的怀抱，让人感到惬意，而开阔的空间则出乎意料地紧随其后，两者和谐交融，向四面八方延伸，仿佛让人用眼睛欣赏到了一场交响乐。

现在新的空间集团大厦包含了最初的旧楼。旧楼建于1971年，并在1977年扩建。20年后，新楼由建筑师Jang Se-yang（1947-1996）设计并于1997年建成，它深谙旧楼的建筑理念，运用高科技的建筑方法，四面均被透明的玻璃幕墙所环绕。旧楼采用封闭式的设计，整个砖墙体为黑色基调。因为考虑到要建在朝鲜传统的村庄里，因此旧建筑使用了传统的砖头，它看上去像一种原来被称为“jeon”（南朝鲜辅币）的屋顶瓦片；而新楼由于临近Changdeokgung宫殿，则采用了透明的建筑设计以使占地最小。另外，旧楼用一个小巧的庭院来连接内部和外部的空间，而新楼的设计则更为积极、主动，它用玻璃消除了内部与外部空间的区别。因此，人们能尽情欣赏灯火辉煌的夜景，城市也变得更加多姿多彩。

从某种意义上说，对于空间集团大厦这样一座在空间上搭配得非常和谐的建筑物来说，设计师们在最初自然会想到将它建成一个文化中心而不是一个建筑办公楼，包括一个小型剧院、美术陈列馆、杂志出版社和一个集会的地方，这一切在今天正在逐步变成现实。

空间集团大厦第一阶段的建设于1971年完成，1977年完成第二阶段的扩建。为适合朝鲜人的身材大小，变化多端的空间被设计出来，狭小的、空旷的、高的、低的、封闭的、开阔的。用于装饰内墙和外墙的材质所显露出的纹理让这里看上去更舒服。位于Kim Swoo-Guen设计的建筑之上，它包含的哲学和建筑理念得到了具体的展现。

In consideration of Changdeokgung Palace, the new Space Group Building with glass on all four sides was designed to minimize its existence, while the original Space Group Building, with a closed nature, maximizes internal composition and thereby the two buildings feature the “symphony of space”

The difference between architecture and other art genres is that architecture is about the very scene of living for people. How do people lead their lives? They weave their lives by staying, leaving, gathering and scattering. The process is similar to making spaces that are either closed or opened, continuously shifting. And buildings embracing those spaces encounter other buildings situated near and far and form a harmony with roads and ultimately meet nature, which is their very foundation. This is like a lengthy drama where two mountains meet, two rivers meet, and a mountain and a river meet and flow together in harmony.

“Space”，which comprises the inside, and the“natural environment”，which is the outside, aretherefore an eternal catchword in architecture. Connecting naturally the inner and outer spaces surrounding buildings, while making them traverse and be reversed, is the dream of architecture and architects are realizing it in various ways.

Space Group Building located in Wonseo-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul is a monumental building that has newly presented the spatiality of the Korean people by encapsulating the“Koreanness”on top of such architectural philosophy. The Space Group Building designed by architect Swoo-geum Kim (1931~1986) addresses the identity of Korean architecture, which had been suppressed under the Japanese colonial occupation, with“space aesthetics.”

Low ceilings, labyrinth-like narrow corridors, the flow of stairways that spread in two directions without having a single destination, and a collection of small nooks that resemble photo frames and which consider walls in a three-dimensional way are merely a prelude heralding the colorfulness of the spatial composition which will be revealed. Also featured are the skip floor structure, in which half-floors, taking advantage of the incline of the site are used, and small rooms projecting humanity by“having humans as the barometer.” Harmonious spatial composition between the overlapping small rooms, which are cozy like a mother's womb and large rooms that appear suddenly after the overlapping small rooms and are extended to the right and left and above and below offers reverberation as if watching a symphony for the eyes.

The current Space Group Building comprises the original building, which was completed in 1971 and expanded in 1977, and a new building designed by Jang Se-yang (1947~1996), built in 1997, 20 years after the construction of the original building. The new building, finished with transparent glass on all four sides and using high-tech construction methods, is in stark contrast with the original building built in black-hued bricks with closed nature, yet the new building fully realized the original space philosophy. As the original building used traditional bricks, which look like traditional roofing tiles called jeon, in consideration of the fact that it was built in the traditional Korean village, the new building was expressed using transparent construction techniques that minimized its existence in consideration of the nearby Changdeokgung Palace. Moreover, as the original building had a small madang (courtyard) to facilitate communication between the interior and the exterior, the new building took a more active initiative, eliminating the distinction between the interior and the exterior with glass. As a result, pedestrians have been able to enjoy a nightscape shining like a chandelier, thus making the city richer.

In some sense, it is natural that the designers of the Space Group Building, which is composed of harmonious and rhythmic spaces, had in mind roles for it as a cultural center, including a small theater, gallery, magazine publishing, and a meeting place, in addition to an architectural officesince the initial phase, and it is fulfilling these roles even today.

space group (old)

Space group building stands in front of Changdeokgung palace.

The first-phase construction of the building was finished in 1971 and the second-phase construction was completed in 1977. By applying 'Human scale', which is appropriate for Korean' body size, diverse spaces such as small, Spacious, high, low. Closed and open ones are made. Exposing texture of the material in finishing exterior and interior walls makes the place more comfortable. The building in Kim Swoo-Guen's masterpiece which embodies his philosophy and ideology of architecture.