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动词不定式中考要点展示

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要点展示一、动词不定式作宾语

要点说明:在动词want, hope, would like, decide, wish, choose, expect, prefer等后常用动词不定式作宾语。而在动词enjoy, keep, finish, mind, feel like等后只可用动名词作宾语。另外,在be busy, be worth等后也应用v-ing形式。

中考真题:

1. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer ____ TV or listen to music rather than ____ newspapers.

A. watching; read B. watching; to read

C. to watch; read D. to watch; reading

解析:在prefer后可跟动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语,注意到后面有rather than,故前面是动词不定式而用prefer to do…rather than do结构。答案为C。

2. Sam enjoys ____ stamps. And now he has 226 of them.

A. to collect B. collected

C. collects D. collecting

解析:在enjoy后应跟v-ing形式作宾语。D为正确答案。

3. He found it hard ____ his class.

A. to catch up with B. to catch up

C. catch up with D. catch up

解析:这里应用动词不定式作宾语,因后面有hard作宾语补足语,故将动词不定式放在句子后面,而用it作形式宾语。A为正确答案。

要点展示二、动词不定式作宾语补足语

要点说明:在动词tell, want, would like, wish, ask等后常用动词不定式作宾语补足语。

中考真题:

1. The teacher asked those boys ____ too much noise in class.

A. do not make B. not make C. not making D. not to make

解析:ask后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,D为正确答案。

2. The teacher told the boy ____ late again.

A. to not be B. not be C. not to be

解析:tell后应跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,且动词不定式的否定形式是在其符号to前加上not。C为正确答案。

要点展示三、动词不定式作主语

要点说明:动词不定式常可用作句子的主语,且常用it作形式主语,而将不定式放在句子后面。

中考真题:

1. It’s a good habit ____ breakfast every day.

A. had B. have C. has D. to have

解析:此句用的是动词不定式作主语,但将该不定式放在后面,而用it作形式主语。答案为D。

2. People everywhere celebrate the New Year. ____ is a time to say goodbye to the past and to think about new beginnings.

A. That B. It C. This D. Such

解析:后面的句子to say goodbye是动词不定式作主语,故前面用it作形式主语。答案为B。

要点展示四、不带to的动词不定式的用法

要点说明:在下面几种情况下动词不定式符号to应省略。

1)在情态动词后的动词不定式不可带to。

2)在had better后应跟不带to的动词不定式。

3)在Why (not)…?后应跟不带to的动词不定式。

4)在感观动词see, hear, watch, look at, listen to, feel, notice等以及使役动词make, let, have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。

比较:在感观动词see, hear, find, watch, feel等后也常可用现在分词作宾语补足语,注意用动词不定式作宾语补足语和用动词现在分词作宾语补足语的不同用法:用现在分词作宾语补足语表示动词动作正在进行中,而用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语则仅表示曾有过该动作。 注意:将此类句型改为被动句时,省去的不定式符号to应加上。

5)在Will (Would) you please (not)…?句型中,please后应跟不带to的动词不定式。

中考真题:

1. Colours can change our moods and make us ____ happy or sad, energetic or sleepy.

A. to feel B. feeling C. felt D. feel

解析:在make, let, have等使役动词后跟不定式作宾语补足语时应省去to。答案为D。

2. ――Where are the twins?

――I saw them ____ out for a walk just now.

A. goB. to go C. gone D. went

解析:see为感观动词,其后应跟不带to的动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语补足语,因此处表示曾有过go out for a walk这一情况,应用动词不定式。答案为A。

要点展示五、动词不定式作定语

要点说明:动词不定式作定语应放在被其修饰的词之后。注意:1)当作定语的动词不定式与其中心词之间存在着动宾关系时,该动词不定式应用及物动词或及物动词短语来构成,且其后不可再用人称代词宾格作宾语了。2)动词不定式作定语常表示一个尚未发生的动作,如动作正在进行则需用现在分词作定语,而动作若已完成(或动作具有被动意义时)则又需用过去分词作定语。注意三者的区别。

要点展示六、动词不定式与疑问词的连用

要点说明:动词不定式常可和what, where, when, how, which等疑问词连用,在句中充当某个成分。注意1)动词不定式和疑问副词连用时如果该不定式是由及物动词构成的,则该不定式应带有宾语。2)动词不定式和疑问代词连用时,如果该疑问代词是该动词不定式的逻辑宾语,则在不定式中的动词后不可再用代词作其宾语了,以避免重复。

中考真题:

1. There is no difference between the two words. I really don’t know ____.

A. what to choose B. which to choose

C. to choose which D. to choose what

解析:因为有一个选择范围the two words,故应用which和动词不定式连用,在句中作know的宾语。B为正确答案。

2. Can you show me ____ an email?

A. send B. how to send

C. what to send D. to send

解析:这里应用疑问词和不定式连用,在句中作宾语。在动词不定式中,因send带有了宾语an email,故应用疑问副词how,而不可用疑问代词what。B为正确答案。

要点展示七、动词不定式作状语

要点说明:动词不定式作状语可表示目的、结果等。

中考真题:

1. We’ll do what we can ____ you with your English study.

A. to help B. help

C. be helped D. be helping

解析:此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。A为正确答案。

要点展示八、固定搭配。

要点说明:在许多固定搭配中可以用到动词不定式,同时要注意其与v-ing形式的不同。

中考真题:

1. The sick woman is ____ weak ____ look after herself.

A. too; to B. so; that

C. very; to D. so; to

解析:此处为too…to…结构,表示“太……而不能……”。A为正确答案。

2. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ____ the earth away.

A. blow B. blowing

C. blew D. to blow

解析:这里是stop…from doing结构,表示“阻止某人做某事”。B为正确答案。

3.――Did you have anyone ____ the trees?

――Yes, I had the trees ____.

A. to water; water B. to water; watered

C. water; to be watered D. water; watered

解析:此题考查have的常用结构,前一空为结构have somebody do,表示“让某人做某事”,其中后面do为不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。后一空结构则为have something done,表示“使某事被做”或表示主语的遭遇。D为正确答案。