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台风季节到了,住在高大楼房的人当然无所畏惧,可是住在简陋房屋的人则开始提心吊胆。是否有一种可以抵抗强风、稳固又经济的建筑呢?一对台湾夫妇给我们带来了新思路。
An eco-conscious couple in Taiwan has built a
paper schoolhouse made of recycled newspaper, and it has already managed to survive a deadly typhoon.
Canadian born John Lamorie and his Taiwanese wife Shelly Wu used more than 2,800 pounds of newspapers, many collected from students for bonus points in class to build the 807-square-foot schoolhouse. The building is made of 18 papercrete bricks composed of 22 pounds of newspaper, 22 pounds of cement[水泥], and 40 gallons of water. The cost, less than 160 US dollars.
Lamorie: I like the idea of using waste material; free waste material is even better. It’s nice light-weight, and my building
hasn’t got a perimeter foundation[建筑物的四周基础], if I did brick or concrete I’d need a heavy, heavy foundation, I didn’t want that. And then, I don’t have to pay for fiberglass
insulation[隔热(隔音、绝缘)材料] or some insulation material. The papercrete is about the same R-factor注 as fiberglass.
To make the bricks, the 59-year-old former building inspector built a blender using a truck bed and a lawn mower blade. Into it, he fed newspapers, water, and
cement to form what he calls “papercrete,” the backbone of the 6-inch-thick school walls.
Lamorie: What I’ve done is, for the inside, because we wanted a natural plaster[灰泥], the papercrete sort of look, I sprayed them with a couple of coats of tung oil[桐油]. And on the outside, needed to prime[打底漆] the papercrete, so again, I used sprayed tung oil to seal the voids[空间] and what
[you have] in the papercrete, the plaster, and then we used a silicon, elastomeric[合成橡胶的] coating.
Although patented[获得专利权] in 1928, papercrete remains far outside the mainstream of construction materials. It can be a labor-intensive and tough to use despite being environmentally friendly. News of the unusual construction method has spread in the rural area of Pingdong County in southern Taiwan where the couple lives.
The project took about a year and the school which can accommodate[提供住宿] about 16 students is said to open ahead of schedule. The couple is now building a paper-based restaurant where they plan to cook pizzas.
一对富有环保意识的台湾夫妇用回收的报纸建成了一所纸质校舍,而且这所校舍还在一场极度强劲的台风中幸存了下来。出生于加拿大的约翰・拉莫里及其台湾妻子谢莉・吴用2800磅(1260千克)报纸建成了一所807平方英尺(72.63平方米)的校舍,这些报纸大多是通过奖励课堂分数的方式从学生那里收集而来。他将22磅(9.9千克)报纸、22磅(9.9千克)水泥和40加仑(151.6升)水混合制成18块纸浆砖块,然后建成这栋房子。成本不超过160美元。
拉莫里:我喜欢废物利用这种想法,免费的废品尤佳。我的房子很轻,无需墙基。如果使用砖块或者混凝土,我就需要一个很重很重的地基,那不是我想要的。而且,我不需要花钱购买玻璃纤维或者其他隔热材料。纸浆砖块的隔热因素与玻璃纤维相当。
为了制作这些砖块,这位59岁的前建筑检查员用卡车的后车厢和割草机的刀刃制成一个搅拌机。他将报纸、水和水泥倒入其中,制成“纸浆砖块”,也就是这些6英寸厚的校舍墙壁的龙骨。
拉莫里:我所做的就是――对于内部而言,因为我们想要一种和天然灰泥、纸浆砖块差不多的效果,我就给它们上了一层桐油。外部则需要在纸浆上打一层底漆,于是我又用桐油封住了缝隙和纸浆砖块、灰泥中间的空隙,然后涂上硅胶漆。
尽管纸浆技术在1928年就已获得专利,但是一直无法成为主流的建筑材料。虽然这种技术很环保,但是需要花费大量人力,且不容易使用。关于这种不寻常的建筑方法的新闻传遍了这对夫妇所居住的、位于台湾南部的屏东县。
这个项目花了大概一年的时间,而这所能住上16名学生的校舍也准备提前开课。这对夫妇正在建造一家卖比萨薄饼的纸质餐厅。
注:R-factor指的是衡量隔热材料阻止热量传递能力的因素。如R因素为13的隔热材料常用于建筑外墙,地板材料采用R=19,顶楼则需要采用R=30的隔热材料。