阅读欣赏 第5期

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阅读提示:

阅读是一种复杂的心理过程,由许多相关的阅读行为组成。如何成为一个成功的读者?阅读的目的不同,采取的阅读行为、使用的阅读技巧也就不同。所以,必须掌握阅读的技巧,并通过大量、有效的阅读,提高阅读能力。

阅读任务:

1.请认真阅读本文,理解其意义,通过该文的学习,更好地帮助我们开展英语阅读,提高阅读理解能力。

2.根据作者的写作手法,研究说明文的结构,学习如何提出主题,如何写主题句,如何围绕文章的中心思想进行写作,如何概括全文。

3.注意以下短语的用法:be related to, go on to, figure out, look up等。

4.完成以下题目:

(1)给短文加上标题。

(2)用自己的语言,概括第3、4、7、8段的主题句。

[1]Reading is a process, a series of actions that are related to each other. The first thing that all of us do is to predict. We guess what the subject will be. We read the title, look at pictures, and perhaps read the first sentence or two.

[2]The next step in the reading process is“testing”. As we read, we check the ideas that we made before reading. If the sentences and ideas are what we expected, we continue reading. If the ideas are not what we expected, we change our own ideas. Then we go on to the next sentence. The reading process is a repetition of these steps.

[3]Readers also use many other skills besides anticipating. Rapid reading for example, is an important skill. It is especially important for students to learn to read quickly and with understanding. There is another part of the skill of fast reading. It is choosing the right speed. A person might want to read a newspaper fast. He or she is reading only for general information and can slow down anytime. However, the introduction to a textbook will need more attention and more careful reading. Being able to change the reading speed is, therefore, necessary.

[4]Skimming, scanning and surveying are all kinds of rapid reading. They have different purposes. Skimming and scanning are reading very fast while looking for a piece of information. For example, you might read for a particular name or a date in history lesson. Surveying, also fast reading, is reading to understand the structure of an article, how it is “built”. By surveying, readers know the order or sequence of parts.

[5]The other reading skills are all related to understanding. One is understanding the main idea of a paragraph or of the whole article. Most paragraphs have a main idea and all the other ideas are part of it.

[6]To study well, students must be able to extract the most important ideas of their books and remember them.

[7]Understanding vocabulary from context and learning other ways to figure out the meanings of words form an important reading skill, too. It is learning how to find clues and use them to understand the new words without having to look each one up in a dictionary.

[8]Another reading skill is understanding sequences. A sequence is an order of events. In other words, it is sometimes necessary to know what happened first, what happened next, and what happened last.

[9]The last reading skill is making inferences and drawing conclusions. Drawing conclusions means making inferences after reading. Readers who understand an article also understand the added meanings. For example, if a story tells the readers that a person needs a warm coat because of snow, the reader knows that the weather is very cold. Another inference is that the season is winter.

[10]Learning reading skills can help you as a student, who needs to be able to read well. Students who can practise reading skills can learn to be better readers and more successful students.

作品分析:

在阅读训练时,需要把握文章细节,抓住作者的观点和态度。但这只是阅读能力的一个方面,阅读能力还应该包括评价性理解能力和欣赏性理解能力,即能分析文章的思想观点、通篇布局、语言技巧及修辞手法。因此,在日常的英语阅读学习中,我们既要理解文章字里行间的细节,掌握词汇、语法和句子结构,还应该重视语篇分析和语篇学习。

这是一篇说明文,作者写作的目的是向读者解释阅读的一些技巧。同学们都知道,一篇文章由内容、结构和语言三个部分组成。内容是作者想要表达的思想,结构是对文章思想的表达顺序的安排,语言则是作者思想表达的载体。下面,我们对文章做一简要分析。

全文共有十个自然段,大部分段落都有一个明确的中心思想,由一个主题句(topic sentence)引出,然后紧紧围绕主题句进行说明。

作者开门见山,提出了“Reading is a process, a series of actions that are related to each other. 阅读是一个由一系列相关联的行为构成的过程。”语言十分简练,能够立刻引起读者的注意,我们可能就会思考,这是一个什么过程?为什么是由一系列相关的活动构成的过程?

全文关于阅读的主要线索如下:predict――testing――fast reading: skimming, scanning and surveying―― understanding: main idea of each paragraph, understanding vocabulary from context, understanding sequences, making inferences, drawing conclusions。

作者首先提出了“The first thing that all of us do is to predict.我们做的第一步是预测。”第二段指出“The next step in the reading process is“testing”.阅读过程的第二步是检测。”第三段用“Readers also use many other skills besides anticipating.除了预测,读者还需要运用许多其他的技巧。”提出了接下来要讨论的问题,还有哪些阅读技巧呢?第一个技巧是快速阅读,快速阅读包括skimming, scanning and surveying(浏览、扫视、检测),作者用了两个自然段介绍快速阅读,随后,阐述了“The other reading skills are all related to understanding. 其他的阅读技巧都与理解有关。”―― understanding the main idea理解主旨大意(第5段)――understanding vocabulary from context根据上下文猜测词义(第7段)――understanding sequences弄清顺序(第8段)―――making inferences做出推断(第9段)―――drawing conclusions得出结论(第10段)。

文章的最后作者总结全文,做出了结论,提出了学习阅读技巧的意义:“Learning reading skills can help you as a student, who needs to be able to read well. Students who can practise reading skills can learn to be better readers and more successful students.作为一个需要具有良好的阅读能力的学生,学习阅读技巧会对你有所裨益。能够运用阅读技巧的学生,就会成为更好的读者和更加成功的学生。”

这是一篇非常优美的阅读指导文章,语言简洁,结构严谨,层次清晰,引人入胜,是指导我们有效阅读、有效写作的经典范例。

参考答案:

4.(1) Learning Skills for Reading/ Reading Skills

(2)Paragraph 3: Fast reading is an important skill.

Paragraph 4: Some fast reading skills.

Paragraph 7: How to guess the meaning of new words.

Paragraph 8: How to understand sequences.