丁云川:精心守望杭州古都文化

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捐赠藏品

杭州民间有个颇有名声的文物收藏者和捐赠者，名叫丁云川。他热心寻觅历史遗存的古迹、碑刻、古籍和字画，常在街坊、地摊、店铺和山水之间踯躅，一旦觅得，即倾囊买下。

不过让许多人不解的是，这位热心寻觅古物者，他所以寻觅古物并不为自己趋利，而是为了回赠社会。

丁云川第一次向社会捐赠文物收藏品始于20世纪90年代初期。当时家里收藏着一块清代的“辟火碑”，石碑长33.5厘米，宽24厘米。碑上刻有辟火图和文字：“真武辟火图，能返风灭火，屡著灵验……火灾宜悬此图镇之”。原来古时杭州在鼓楼、水星阁、众安桥边的关帝庙前，分别立有三块辟火碑，其中两块辟火碑在“”和“”年代被毁，而丁云川收藏的这块辟火碑，是从当年庆春路拓宽拆除关帝庙墙时觅到的，它是一块历史孤碑。有位台商闻讯后捷足登门，愿意出资收购，丁云川婉拒出售，说这块辟火碑是杭州的历史文化遗产，应该保存在杭州。为此，丁云川决定向社会无偿捐赠，将古碑送交杭州碑林文物保护所收藏保管。经专家鉴定，此古碑为国内唯一的辟火图碑。

丁云川捐赠行动此后便一发而不可收。他于30多年前在古旧书店购得的《敷文书院志略》，想不到21世纪初为杭州重建万松书院（即敷文书院）立了大功。因为这是全面记载这座古代书院的志书，书里附有当时书院规模的全景图与书院的环境和建筑，其馆楼亭阁方位坐标也一目了然，这对于当今复建和还原万松书院本来面貌，提供了充分的依据。鉴于此书对恢复杭州名胜有价值，丁云川将《敷文书院志略》及清代《敷文书院课卷》一起向万松书院建设单位――杭州市园文局作了无偿捐赠。

2005年杭州市筹建西湖博物馆，筹建部门向社会各界广泛征集有关西湖的历史文化以及文物收藏。此时丁云川又毫不犹豫地将家藏的有关西湖的书籍、字画、碑拓、楹联、古塔砖等文物无偿捐赠给杭州西湖博物馆。捐了这些文物，丁云川如释重负地轻轻地吁了一口气，他觉得收藏的这些文物有了最佳的归宿。

寻觅古迹

名人古墓是古都杭州历史文化深沉的积聚之处，这是丁云川关注和守望的文物“圣地”。我国北宋时期著名的伟大科学家沈括撰写了科学巨著《梦溪笔谈》，全面总结了我国宋代以前数学、物理学、天文学、地理学、气象学、生物学、医药学等领域的科学技术研究成果。英国剑桥大学著名教授李约瑟博士，称赞沈括是“中国整部科学史上最卓越的人物”。

沈括出生在杭州松木场，晚年居住余杭区安溪乡下溪村太平山。太平山下有条名为“梦溪”的溪流，于是沈括把自己的著作称为《梦溪笔谈》，他在生前也希望百年之后归宿于太平山。

2002年清明前夕，丁云川冒雨来到余杭区安溪乡。经四处打听终于颇费周折地在太平山崎岖的山岙里找到了荒草丛中的沈括墓。墓地已湮没在一片茂盛的茶园里，丁云川拨开荒草，看到了墓碑和石人等文物遗迹，他当即拍下了照片。回家后丁云川投书杭州日报，反映宋朝杭州的大科学家沈括墓葬荒芜的“凄凉”景象。杭州市政府据此作出决定，由市园文局和余杭区政府共同负责修缮沈括墓，并下文将沈括墓列为市级文物保护单位。

杭州西湖边和四周群山上有许多古代名人墓、辛亥革命的烈士墓、民国时期文人墓，如魏源、林启、苏曼殊、惠兴、徐自华和林寒碧、徐蕴华夫妇等等。丁云川认真收集有关历史资料，同时上山寻寻觅觅，一座座对号入座，他将勘查结果向政府作了报告，杭州市政府十分重视丁云川的报告，他所提出的建议大多有了落实。

不久前丁云川在龙井发现一块湮没的古碑，碑文见证了龙井的茶文化史，他当即将这一发现报告了有关部门。

难忘教诲

丁云川热爱文物来源于家庭熏陶和教诲。有一次，丁云川父亲带着他来到杭州佑圣观路梅花碑，看见路边一块石碑，丁老先生用手绢轻轻拭去古石碑上的尘埃对儿子说：“这石碑上的梅石图是明朝著名画家蓝瑛和孙合作的名画，清朝的乾隆皇帝下江南游览，特地到杭州来观赏这块梅石碑，你看，碑上还有乾隆的题诗呢！”丁父渊博的文史知识和对文物的热爱，无疑对少年丁云川产生很大的影响，为他日后挚爱杭州的历史文化、守望古都的文化和遗产奠定了基础。

1958年，时年16岁的丁云川就读于杭州一中，那年夏天他在杭州市的半山脚下参加支农劳动，无意间从烂泥田里捡到两件骨制器物。学农回来，丁云川就跑到浙江省博物馆请教专业人员，请教此骨器为何物？省博物馆人员指点他去请教我国著名文史学家、国学大师马一浮先生，于是丁云川又不知疲倦地赶到蒋庄，年逾古稀的马一浮先生仔细鉴赏骨器后，告诉小丁这是杭州先民骨制品遗物：一件是骨制刮削器，另一件是骨制装饰品。马一浮先生还对丁云川热爱文物的精神给予赞扬。马一浮先生这次对丁云川的指导，深刻地影响了他的一生。从此，丁云川义无反顾地决心成为民间寻觅、发现、守望、保护文物遗产的有心人。

1987年4月，中央文史馆馆长、国家文物鉴定委员会主任委员、北京师范大学著名教授启功先生来到杭州，抽时间接见了丁云川。当他们推心置腹地谈到文物保护和收藏问题时，启功先生说：“文物这东西，一件就是一件，是无价的。”又说，“你搞文物收藏，不要为收藏而收藏，应该为社会而收藏，一旦藏品为社会所用，那就真正起到收藏的作用了。”启功先生这番话，震撼了丁云川的心灵，他暗暗地下定决心，一定将启功先生的这番话作为自己收藏文物的人生坐标，用实际行动去兑现启功先生关于文物收藏的至理名言。

Guardian of Hangzhou’s Ancient Culture

By Ge Xuguo

Ding Yunchuan enjoys a moderate reputation among local collectors and donators of cultural treasures in Hangzhou. An enthusiastic collector, he is frequently seen hunting cultural relics through the old downtown, antique shops and hills in suburbs. When he spots something valuable and affordable in an antique shop or market, he will not hesitate to buy it. However, Ding does not buy valuable things for his own collection. He donates them to his hometown Hangzhou.

His first donation occurred in the early 1990s when he gave away a stone monument of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) to the government. The 33.5-cm-long, 24-cm-wide stone stele is actually a talisman carved with a painting and an inscription, believed to hold a magic power to keep fire disasters away. According to historical records, the city had three such talismans established respectively at the Drum Tower, the Water-Star House and the Temple of Lord Guan. Two of them were destroyed respectively in the Great Leap-Forward years in the late 1950s and in the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). The one Ding Yunchuan rescued was for the Temple of Lord Guan. When the temple was being dismantled as a nearby street was undergoing an expansion project, the stone stele was found in a wall of the temple. Learning that Ding had acquired the valuable antique, a businessman from Taiwan offered to buy it. Ding turned down the proposal, saying that the talisman should stay with the city because it was part of the city’s history. Ding donated the ancient stone monument to a city-sponsored establishment specialized in protecting local ancient stone steles. Experts evaluating the monument confirmed that it is the only one of its kind in the country.

Among Ding’s large collection of antiques were a few ancient books about the Academy of Ten-Thousand-Pines, an academy in Hangzhou,which he had purchased at a second-hand bookstore more than 30 years ago. A few years ago, the local government wanted to rebuild the academy. The books Ding acquired played a pivotal role, for one of the books had a detailed map marking all the buildings on the campus and all the architectural drawings of these buildings. Ding later donated the books to the city’s administration of parks and cultural relics.

In 2005, Hangzhou wanted to build a West Lake museum and asked local residents to offer information on the basis of their private possessions and collections so that the preparatory office could know more about the city’s past. Ding Yunchuan donated books, paintings and inscriptions, stele rubbings, couplets and ancient pagoda bricks to the museum. Ding heaved a sight of relief because, he believed, the museum was the best home for these precious relics.

Over centuries, numerous celebrities were buried around Hangzhou, the once capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). With the palaces and many representative buildings of the dynasty and later centuries nearly all gone, the graves are the only remnants of the past glories and memories. That is probably why many people like Ding believe these tombs are where the city’s history was buried. Ding is one of the guardians who have searched for and taken care of these tombs.

One of the most important tombs he has rediscovered is one of Shen Kuo, a great scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), who authored Dream Stream Essays on many scientific subjects, presumably the greatest illustrated encyclopedia on science and technology of the ancient China. Shen was born in Hangzhou and later retired to Anxi Township, Yuhang District. The scientist mentioned in his essays that he wished to be buried at the Peace Hill in Anxi. Before the Qingming Festival in 2002, Ding Yunchuan went to the town in search of the tomb. It was raining. He asked around and finally in a valley he found the tomb in a tea garden. The tomb was in miserable repair and covered by messy weeds. Ding took photographs and later reported his investigation results to the city government. The tomb was immediately put under the city-level protection and it has now been repaired.

With textual researches on tombs of historical personages in Hangzhou, Ding has conducted field researches on many of these tombs and made suggestions for protection to the city government. Most of these suggestions have been adopted.

Ding Yunchuan’s passion for protection of the city’s cultural relics came from his father, a learned man who knew a great deal about the cultural past of Hangzhou. The junior remembers vividly how his father one day showed him a roadside stone monument in old downtown and talked enthusiastically about its history and anecdotes.

Ding Yunchuan’s earliest personal probe into the past occurred when he was sixteen. On a summer day, he and his classmates were working on a farm in the northern suburb of Hangzhou. He picked up two bone implements from a farming field. Back to the city from the farm, he asked experts at the provincial museum to take a look at the two bone implements. He was referred to Ma Yifu, a master of history and ancient literary classics. The master examined the bones and said one was a scraper and the other ornamental article, created by the ancient ancestors of Hangzhou. The master praised Ding and encouraged him to do more for the protection of cultural relics. The meeting with the master had a profound on him.

Another influential personage Ding met was Qigong, then curator of the Central Research Institute of Culture and History and a senior member of the State Committee for Cultural Relics Authentication and a professor with Beijing Teachers University. It was in April, 1987 when Master Qigong came to Hangzhou and met with Ding Yunchuan. Qigong talked about the social significance of cultural relics, saying ‘Collecting cultural relics should not be done purely for the sake of collecting; it will be most ideal if collecting is for the general public. If something from the past becomes useful again for the society of today, then collecting efforts pay off.?Qigong’s remark becomes Ding’s motto and years later he began to donate the antiques he had collected.

(Translated by David)