陈寅恪与20世纪汉学
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［摘 要］ 从年谱、日记和书信等材料,可以了解20世纪上半叶陈寅恪与西方汉学界的交往情况，他对西方汉学界的熟悉与把握情况以及他与一些西方汉学家之间的相互评价。整体而言,陈寅恪对西方汉学界的熟悉程度远远超过西方汉学界对他的了解程度。毫无疑问,陈寅恪在长期留学西方的过程中受到西方汉学界的深刻影响,这种影响大致可以分为三个不同层次。尽管受到西方汉学界的影响,陈寅恪在建构现代中国学术体系过程中却不拘泥于西方汉学思想的束缚,既以西方近现代学术为衡量标准,又注意到中国传统文化之特殊性对建构中国现代学术体系的深远影响,其视野最终超越了单纯的学术研究,上升到重建现代中国文化体系以求再现中国文化辉煌的高度。
［关键词］ 陈寅恪； 汉学； 学术研究； 中国文化； 西方近现代学术
Chen Yinque and 20th Century Sinology
Liu Kedi
(College of Humanities, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China)
Abstract: This paper presents a research of the intercommunications from three aspects between Chen Yinque and the circle of Occidental Sinology in the first half of the 20th Century according to Chens life chronicle and letters. Firstly, familiar with the occidental sinologists, Chen made accurate evaluation of them who, on the contrary, did not think highly of Chen. Secondly, in the construction of modern Chinese academic system, Chen adhered to both Western modern academic learning as measurable standards, and deep influence of the particularities of Chinese tradition, thus exceeding pure academic research and rising to a high level of a reconstruction of Chinese modern cultural system and recurrence of Chinese brilliant culture. Thirdly, three different levels of influences that Chen received from the occidental sinologists have been reviewed.
The first level is that he emphasized on linguistic study and considered language as a representation of ethnic culture and spirit, taking language as the starting point to make comparative study of Chinese and Western cultures. The second level is that he abandoned the hot issues that were central to the occidental sinologists and turned to Chinese ancient history and literature for study in the beginning of the 1930s. What accounts for this change, generally accepted by the present academic circle, is that since he did not have close contact with the occidental circle of sinology after he returned to China, he could not make sure that his study kept pace with the foremost academic achievements in the occidental sinology. Among the reasons is that he was not highly acknowledged by such celebrated scholar as Paul Pelliot. Nevertheless, his evaluation on the Chinese academic research and his appeal to establish a modern academic system was obviously built on the principles established by the Western academic circle. The third level is that he was cognizant that the Chinese should make a thorough analysis of the attempts made to learn from the West and foreign influences including the study by the Western sinologists after going through the social turbulences in the first half of the 20th Century. Therefore, Chen could assert his original views on the two basic issues: what to learn and how to learn, which was not only related to his deep and broad personal thoughts but also to the long subtle influence he received from the occidental sinologists.