不定代词用法揭秘
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初中英语语法教学中，不定代词是个重点，也是教学的难点。不定代词，即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。下面就初中阶段常见的不定代词的用法做如下归类。
1． some与any的用法
some与any可以代替名词和形容词，常用作主语、宾语和定语。some常用在肯定句中，any常用在否定句或疑问句中。例如：
Some are singing, others are dancing.（主语）
I don’t like any of the books.（宾语）
Do you have any money？（定语）
注意：1） some可用于表示邀请或请求的问句中，预期的答案是肯定的，或鼓励对方给予一个肯定的答复。例如：
Could you pass me some salt？（请求）
Would you like some coffee？（邀请）
2） any有时也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何的”。例如：
You can come at any time.你可以任何时候来。
2.each和every的用法
1） each强调个别，可以充当同位语、主语、宾语和定语；而every强调整体，在句中只作定语。例如：
We have two bags each.（同位语）
Each of us has two bags.（主语）
The teacher had a talk with each of them.（宾语）
Each student has a chance.（定语）
Every one of them knew the reason.（定语）
2） each所代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。例如：
There are many trees on every side of the street.
There are many trees on each side of the street.
3. some、any、every、no与one、body、thing构成的复合不定代词都作单数看待，在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语，其用法和some与any的用法相似。当形容词或else修饰这些复合不定代词时，该形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。例如：
Someone is knocking at the door.（主语）
I don’t want anyone to help me.（宾语）
There is something in what you said.（表语）
Do you have anything else to say？（宾语）
注意：none既可指人，也可指物，强调的是数量。例如：
―How many libraries are there in your school？―None.
―What’s in the fridge？―Nothing.
4. many和much的用法
1） many和much都表示许多，但是many用来修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。都可用作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
Many of them often chat online.（主语）
I have much to do.（宾语）
There are many sheep on the farm.（定语）
2） much有时用作状语。例如：
Tom likes playing basketball very much.（状语）
5. few, little; a few, a little的用法
few和little含否定意义，而a few和a little含肯定意义，表示有一些。另外，few和a few修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。例如：
Jim knows a little Chinese.（定语）
Few of us preferred to stay at home on such a sunny day.（主语）
I know a little about it.（宾语）
6. other, the other和another的用法
1） other泛指“另外的”，作定语。例如：
We should help other people.（定语）
2） the other指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用。例如：
He held a book in one hand and an apple in the other.
3） another指三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”，“再一……”，“另一个”，作代词或形容词。例如：
Gong Li won an Award for Best Actress at the Venice International Film Festival in 1992 and another one at the Montreal World Film Festival in 2000.
7.all和both的用法
这两个词都表示整体，但all指三个以上的人或物，其全部否定用none；而both指两个人或物，其全部否定用neither。在句中都可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。例如：
All of us should work hard.（主语）
They like both of the books.（宾语）
That’s all.（表语）
My parents both like travelling.（同位语）
All knowledge comes from practice.（定语）
8. neither和either的用法
neither表示两者都不；either表示两者中的任何一个。两个词都表示单数，在句中可做主语、宾语和定语。例如：
Neither of the answers is correct.（主语）
You may have either of the cakes.（宾语）
It is a pleasant road, with trees on either side.（定语）
中考链接
例1―Paper_____wood. We should not waste paper.
―I agree. I always use_____sides of paper.（2010年深圳）
A. is made of， either
B. is made from, both
C. makes of， both
D. makes from, either
解析本题的不定代词考查的是both和either的用法区别。both表示两者都，其后跟名词的复数形式；either表示两者之一。从题干的sides可以得知应用both。另外，be made from是指看不见原材料的。所以此题答案是B。
例2―It seems that Peter has nothing to do at the moment.
―Let me give him_____to read.（2010年宁波市）
A． anything B． something
C． everything D． nothing
解析本题考查的是复合不定代词的用法。根据题干的意思可知“让我给他点东西读读吧。”这是一个肯定句，故答案选B。
例3Two places of interest in Beijing are well-known to people from home and abroad．One is the Great Wall，_____is the Summer Palace．（2010年哈尔滨市）
A． the other B． another C． other
解析本题的题干已给出”two places of interest”，它所考查的是”One..., the other...”。故此题答案选A。
例4―Would you like_____to drink？
―Yes, I’d like a cup of coffee.（2010年达州市）
A. something else
B. else something
C. anything else
D. else anything
解析本题考查else与复合不定代词的位置关系。当形容词修饰复合不定代词时，形容词需后置，因此可以排除选项B和D。另外，由于这是一个表示邀请的问句，所以句中应用something，故选项A为正确答案。
例5―Would you like tea or coffee？
―_____is OK． I really don’t mind．（2010年山东省潍坊市）
A． None B． Either
C． Neither D． Both
解析本题的四个选项分别表示“三个及其以上都不”、“两者之一”、“两者都不”和“两者都”。根据最后一句“I really don’t mind.(我真不介意)”可知，不管是“tea”还是“coffee”都可以。所以答案选B。
例6There’s_____cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the supermarket and get
_____？（2006年苏州市）
A. little; some B. little; any
C. few; some D. few; any
解析本题考查的是little与few，some与any的用法区别。句中“cooking oil”为不可数名词，故用little修饰。此外，后一个句子表示一种“请求”，故用some。因此，本题的正确选项为A。
不定代词专项练习
1． ―How many monkeys did you see just now?
―_____.
A. None B. No one
C. Not many ones D. Nothing
2． The baby was left home alone, with
to look after her.
A. someone B. anyone
C. not one D. no one
3．_____of us knows the reason why winter is colder than summer.
A. Everyone B. Every one
C. Someone D. All
4． Bill is a man of_____words.
A. little B. less
C. few D. fewer
5． There were only_____people who could get_____money for the work.
A. few， many B. little， many
C. a little， much D. a few， much
6． There is_____milk in the fridge. Could you buy_____？
A. no, some B. not, any
C. no any, any D. not, some
7． Amy and John have arrived，but
students in the class aren’t here yet.
A. other B. the others
C. others D. the other
8． The teacher came into the classroom with a book in one hand and a glass in his_____hand.
A. one B. other
C. the other D. another
9． The street is beautiful，for there are trees on
_____.
A. neither side B. either side
C. both side D. all sides
10． ―Which of them do you like better？
―_____， because they are meaningless.
A. Both B. Either
C. None D. Neither
11． It seemed impossible for the boy to continue his schooling because_____of his parents can earn money to support him.
A. none B. no one
C. either D. neither
12． We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have_____one this month.（2007年苏州市）
A. the other B. some
C. another D. other
13． She has written a lot of books，but good
ones.（2008年苏州市）
A. any B. some
C. few D. many
14． Make sure you’ve got the tickets and guidebooks and_____before you leave．（2009年苏州市）
A． something B． anything
C． everything D． nothing
15． I am thirsty. Could you let me have
coke？ （2010年杭州市）
A. little B. any
C. some D. other
16． ―I would like you to talk about the Great Wall.
―I’m sorry, but_____Jack_____I have been there. （2010年常州市）
A. either； or B. neither；nor
C. both；and D. not only；but also
17． She is new here, so we know_____
about her.（2010年河北省）
A. nothing B. something
C. anything D. everything
18． ―Which of the caps will you take？
―I will take_____， one for my father, the other for my brother. （长沙2010年）
A. neither B. both
C. all D. either
19． ―Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday？
―_____.I cleaned it all by myself.（长沙2010年）
A. Somebody B. Nobody
C. Everybody D. Anybody
20． Whatever you do，_____is difficult if you put your heart into it. （2010年山东省莱芜市）
A． nothing B． anything
C． something D． everything
参考答案
１.A２.D３.B４.C５.D６.A７.D８.B９.B１０.D１１.D１２.C１３.C１４.C１５.C１６.B１７.A１８.B１９.B２０.A