短语动词牵手中考
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短语动词是中考英语的考查热点之一。现结合部分省市的中考试题,把它们对短语动词的考点简述如下。
一、 考查“动词 + 介词”构成的短语动词
这类短语动词相当于及物动词,使用时动词和介词不能分开。常见的这类短语动词有: ask for要/请求; belong to属于; look at看; look for寻找; look after照料; deal with处理/应付; fall into落入/陷入; knock into与……相撞; listen to听; hear from收到……的来信; wait for等待/候; get to到达; arrive at/in到达; hand in上交; laugh at嘲笑; care about担/关心; care for关心/想要; concentrate on全神贯注于; worry about为……担心; agree with同意; depend on依靠; talk about谈论; dream of梦想/向往; think of想到/考虑; hear of听说/到; come across碰见; play with玩弄; learn about了解。注意:其中一些短语动词不可变为被动词态,如belong to。
[中考真题]
1. (2007年宁夏课改实验区) Don?蒺t worry. Peter will call you as soon as heLondon.
A. will get to B. gets to C. get to D. got to
2. (2007年吉林省课改卷) Don?蒺tthe people in trouble. Try to help them.
A. hear from B. go over C. laugh at
3. (2008年北京市朝阳区) Mrs Green is out. I have toher baby.
A. look around B. look up
C. look for D. look after
Key: 1. B2. C3. D
二、 考查“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词
这类短语动词可作及物动词用。其后跟名词作宾语时,可将名词放在副词的前面,也可将名词放在副词的后面;其后跟代词作宾语时,必须把代词放在动词和副词之间。常见的这类短语动词有: cut up切碎; mix up混合在一起; clear out清除; clean up把……收拾干净; fix up修理; try on试穿; put on上演/穿上; put up举起/张贴/建立; throw away把……扔掉; find out搞清楚/弄明白; work out算出; cheer up为某人喝彩; show around带……参观……; take down拿/取下; take off脱下/起飞; turn on打开; turn off关闭; pick up捡起; wake up把……叫醒; look up查字典; take out拿出; give out分发/发表; put out扑灭/熄灭。
[中考真题]
1. (2007年江西省课标卷)the socks, Jim. You shouldn?蒺t throw them away everywhere.
A. Take out B. Take off
C. Try on D. Put away
2. (2008年荆州市) ―How have you been recently?
―So far, so good. I?蒺vemy own company.
A. put out B. put on C. put off D. put up
3. (2008年恩施市) Mariaat 6:30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school.
A. was woken up B. woke up
C. wakes D. is woken up
4. (2007年安徽省) ―Tom, it?蒺s cold outside.your coat when you go out.
―OK, Mom.
A. Take off B. Take away
C. Put away D. Put on
5. (2007年青海省) Don?蒺t . We can send the old clothes to those poor children.
A. throw it away B. throw them away
C. throw away them
6. (2008年烟台市) The ticket is on the floor; Please .
A. pick up it B. look for
C. pick it up D. look it up
Key: 1. D2. D3. D4. D5. B6. C
这类短语动词也可作不及物动词用。其中常见的有: get up起床; wake up醒来; hang out闲逛; dress up装扮; go away走开; turn up露面; look up抬头看; hurry up快点; cheer up振作起来; come up过来; come down下来; come in进来; come out出来/出版; go out出去; go down下降/落; come on加油; break down出故障; take off起飞; stay up熬夜; show off炫耀; slow down放慢速度; shut down关闭/停工。
[中考真题]
1. (2007年厦门市) If youlate tomorrow morning, you won?蒺t catch the early bus.
A. get up B. don?蒺t get up C. will get up
2. (2007年广东省) The planeat three o?蒺clock in the afternoon.
A. takes off B. takes away
C. takes out D. takes down
3. (2008年盐城市) ―When will Han Han?蒺s new book .
―Sorry, I don?蒺t know. I?蒺m looking forward to his new book, too.
A. come on B. come out
C. come in D. come over
4. (2009年连云港市) ―Will his new novel ?
―Yes, we are all looking forward to it.
A. come over B. come back
C. come out D. come from
5. (2008年苏州市) 我们永远不放弃希望。(汉译英)
.
Key: 1. A2. A3. B4. C5. We will/We?蒺ll never give up hope.
三、 考查“动词 + 副词 + 介词”构成的短语动词
这类短语动词相当于及物动词,其后应跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。其中常见的有: look out of向……外看/望; catch up with赶上; look forward to盼望; do well in在……方面做得好; speak highly of高度赞扬; live up to不辜负; work hard at努力学习; come up with产生/想出/提出; meet up with与……见面; dress up as装扮成。
[中考真题]
1. (2007年威海市) What a hard problem! Ask Mary. Maybe she haswith a good idea about it
A. come up B. ended up C. met up D. kept up
2. (2007年呼和浩特市) Pollution is a serious problem. Scientists havesome good ways to solve it.
A. come up with B. come on
C. come out D. come up
3. (2006年宁夏课改卷) I will not buy that refrigerator because I havemoney.
A. got out of B. taken out of
C. looked out of D. run out of
4. (2004年新疆维吾尔自治区) 公众对战斗在乌恰地震前线的人们给予了高度赞扬。(汉译英根据汉语句子,完成英语句子。)
The public of the persons who worked at the front of the earthquake in the county of Wuqia.
Key: 1. A2. A3. D4. spoke highly
四、 考查“动词 + 名词 + 介词”构成的短语动词
这类短语动词中常见的有: take part in参加; take care of照料; go in for从事; pay attention to注意; put one?蒺s heart into专心于/热心于。有时其中的名词前可以用形容词或物主代词来修饰;如果是单数可数名词,其前还可以加不定冠词,有时也可以省略。其中常见的有: take an active part in积极参加; get a letter from收到某人的来信; make sentences/a sentence with用……造句; play a trick on捉弄; play an important part in在……方面起重要作用; pay more/attention to注意; take (a) pride in以……为骄傲。将这类短语动词由主动语态改为被动语态时,可将介词后面的名词变成被动句的主语,也可以将短语动词中的名词变成被动句的主语。
[中考真题]
1. (2006年扬州市) 连战对大陆的成功访问鼓舞了越来越多的海外华人为祖国的未来作贡献。(汉译英根据汉语句子,完成英语句子。)
Lien Chan?蒺sthe mainland of Chinathe future of their motherland.
2. (2005年扬州市) 三峡大坝是如此的宏伟,全中国人民都引以为自豪。(汉译英根据汉语句子,完成英语句子。)
The Three Dam is so great thatit.
3. (2008年盐城市) Tom问妈妈当他煮鱼时需要注意些什么。 (pay attention to) (汉译英)
.
Key: 1. successful visit to, encouraged more and more overseas Chinese to make contributions to2. people in China take (a) pride in/people all over China are proud of3. Tom asked his mother what he should pay attention to when he cooked fish.
短语动词的构成方式还有很多。如: 1. 动词 + 反身代词: enjoy oneself (= have a good time) 过得愉快/玩得高兴; help yourself请便。 2. 动词 + 形容词: come true实现; make sure确保; go wrong出毛病; fall asleep入睡等。 3. 动词 + 介词 + 名词: go for walks去散步; go to work上班; come to an end结束; come back to life复活。 4. 动词 + 副词 + 名词: make up one?蒺s mind决定/下决心。 5. 动词be + 介词: be like像……一样; be from来自。 6. be + 形容词 + 介词: be fond of喜欢/爱; be afraid of害怕。 7. be + 副词 + 介词: be away from离开。 8. 动词 + V?鄄ing: go swimming去游泳。 9. 动词 + the/some + 名词: do the laundry洗衣服; do some shopping买东西。