状语从句考点透视
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考点透视一：综观近几年的高考题，我们可以看出命题者把着眼点主要放在对时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句和让步状语从句的考查上。
例1 I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A. when B. than C. until D. after
解析：答案为A。考查时间状语从句的一个句型sb. had hardly done sth. when sb. did sth.，选择引导词when，句意为“我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我马上回家”。
例2 It is hard for Greek government to get over the present difficulties ______ it gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. if B. unless C. because D. since
解析：答案为B。考查unless引导的条件状语从句，句意为“如果从欧盟得不到更多的支持，希腊政府将很难渡过目前的难关”。
例3 If you happen to get lost in the wild，you’d better stay ______ you are and wait for help.
A. why B. where
C. who D. what
解析：答案为B。考查由where引导的地点状语从句，句意为“若你碰巧在野外迷路，你最好呆在原地等待救援”。
例4 ―Coach，can I continue with the training？
―Sorry，you can’t ______ you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.
A. until B. before
C. as D. unless
解析：答案为C。结合答句句意“抱歉，你不能继续训练，因为你的膝盖受的伤还没有恢复”，可知空格后面为原因状语从句。
例5 ______ hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A. However B. Whatever
C. Whichever D. Whenever
解析：答案为A。考查让步状语从句。“however+形容词/副词”相当于“no matter how+形容词/副词”，意为“无论怎么”，其他选项语义不通。考点透视二：1.如果主句和从句中的主语一致，就可以将状语从句中的主语和谓语的部分或全部省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了；2.若状语从句中的主语是it，动词是系动词be，则通常可省去主语it及系动词be，留下其余部分；3.状语从句中的部分内容若与主句的部分内容相同，可将从句中的此部分内容省去；4.在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，如果从句含有had/should/were，那么可以省略连词if，将had/should/were置于主语前。
例6 All the photographs in this book，______ stated otherwise，date from the 1950s.
A. unless B. until C. once D. if
解析：答案为A。考查条件状语从句的省略。结合句意，可知所填词表示条件，意为“除非，如果不”，因此选A。
例7 It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. ______，we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise B. If not
C. But for that D. If so
解析：答案为D。结合句意，可知这两个句子之间是顺承关系，因此空格处应该意为“如果真是这样的话（发动机坏了）”，正确答案为if so，相当于if something is wrong with the car’s engine。
考点透视三：1.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替将来时。2.since引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。3.在hardly...when和no sooner... than句式中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
例8 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A. eat B. would eat
C. have eaten D. will be eating
解析：答案为D。if引导的条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句应该用将来时，因此选will be eating。
例9 The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ______ on the market in 1973.
A. had come B. has come
C. came D. comes
解析：答案为C。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句要用一般过去时，因此选C。
考点透视四：1.No sooner had sb. done sth. than sb. did sth./Hardly had sb. done sth. when sb. did sth.（刚……就……）引导时间状语从句，no sooner/hardly位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，且主句常用过去完成时；2.“否定词+从句”放在主句之前时，主句要倒装；3.“only+从句”置于主句之前时，主句要倒装；4.as和though引导让步状语从句时，常将作表语的形容词、名词或动词置于句首， 构成部分倒装；5.so...that和such...that引导的结果状语从句，如果将“so+形容词”或“such+名词”置于句首，那么句首部分用部分倒装。
例10 Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ______ having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
解析：答案为D。考查“否定词+从句”放在主句之前时，主句要倒装。not until位于句首时，句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，因此用一般过去时。
例11 Hot ______ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although B. as C. while D. however
解析：答案为B。hot在从句中作表语，将其前置说明从句倒装。在as引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到as之前，因此选B。
考点透视五：1.在if引导的非真实条件句中，若表达与过去事实相反的情况，则要用虚拟语气，其主从句的时态及结构为sb. would have done sth. if sb. had done sth.。2.在as if引导的方式状语从句中，若表达的是真实情况，则用陈述语气；若表达的是一种假设或无法实现的某种愿望，则用虚拟语气。
例12 We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we ______ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited B. had visited
C. would visit D. would have visited
解析：答案为D。由时间状语yesterday可知是对过去的虚拟，前半句是过去的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，后半句是对过去的虚拟，要用would have done，因此答案为D。
例13 If my car ______ more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
A. was B. had been
C. should be D. would be
解析：答案为B。依据句意，从句和主句都表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用had done。 （责任编校 彭益）