海妖塞壬 第11期

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在安徒生童话《海的女儿》中，美人鱼的形象优雅美丽。但是你知道吗，美人鱼的传说其实源自希腊神话，她叫塞壬（Sirens），被称为海妖。塞壬是河神的女儿，是从河神的血液中诞生的美丽妖精。塞壬因为与缪斯比赛音乐失败，所以被缪斯拔去两个翅膀。失去翅膀后的塞壬只好在海岸线附近游荡。塞壬居住的小岛上还同时居住着另外两位海妖——斯基拉和卡吕布狄斯，三人被称为塞壬姐妹。她们是美丽的人头鸟身海妖，经常坐在娇艳美丽的花丛中，用天籁般的歌喉唱着悠扬动听的歌曲。有时，歌声很甜美，过往的船夫只顾抬头听歌，常常忘记操纵船只，结果撞上海里的礁石，船毁人亡。有时，歌声很哀伤，过往的船夫被歌声感染，陷入深深的忧伤中，忘记航船，往往也撞上海里的礁石，船毁人亡。日复一日，年复一年，过往的海员和船只都受到迷惑走向毁灭，少有幸免。因此，那一带海域堆满了受害者的白骨。

塞壬的故事

Far out in the sea there was an island， on the rocky edge of which lived three Sirens， the three sisters of magic songs. Half human and half bird， the Siren sisters sat in a field of flowers， singing in voices that excited the hearts of men. The attractive songs were so sweet that ships were attracted to the island and struck to pieces on the rocks. Few sailors or ships had ever been known to pass the Island of the Sirens without being attracted to disaster.

遥远的海面上有一座岛屿，石崖边居住着唱魔歌的海妖塞壬三姐妹。半人半鸟的塞壬姐妹坐在一片花丛里，唱着蛊惑人心的歌。诱人的歌声把过往的船只引向该岛，然后撞上礁石，船毁人亡。过往的海员和船只都受到迷惑走向毁灭，少有幸免。

抵挡住塞壬诱惑的人物

There are only two stories of men resisting the Sirens.

In the story Odyssey， Odysseus took careful preparation against the Sirens. Before their ships came to where they could hear the song， Odysseus had himself tied to the mast， stopped the ears of his men with wax and ordered them to ignore his orders and gestures when they were passing the fatal island. Soon they came in sight of the rocky island， and the attractive song reached the ears of Odysseus. It moved him so much that he struggled in despair to free himself and shouted for his men to turn towards the rich and flowery grassland of the singing sisters. But no one paid any attention to him. The sailors kept straight on until they were completely out of hearing. Then they freed him and took the wax out of their ears.

Jason and the Argonauts were also saved because they had Orpheus， a talented musician， on board with them. He played music that was even more beautiful so the men hardly heard the sound of the Sirens.

神话中，抵挡住了塞壬诱惑的故事只有两个。

第一个是《奥德赛》。为了对付塞壬姐妹，奥德修斯采取了谨慎的防备措施。船只还没驶到能听到歌声的地方，奥德修斯就令人把他拴在桅杆上，并吩咐手下用蜡把他们的耳朵塞住。他还告诫他们通过致命的岛屿时不要理会他的命令和手势。不久多岩石的小岛就进入了他们的视线，奥德修斯听到了迷人的歌声。歌声如此令人神往，他绝望地挣扎着要解除束缚，并向随从叫喊着要他们驶向正在繁花茂盛的草地上唱歌的塞壬姐妹，但没人理他。海员们驾驶船只一直向前，直到最后再也听不到歌声。这时他们才给奥德修斯松绑，取出他们耳朵中的蜡。

杰逊王子和阿尔戈号的船员也得以幸免，因为他们随船带了俄耳甫斯，一位极其有天赋的音乐家。俄耳甫斯演奏的乐曲要比塞壬的歌声还要悠扬，所以船上的人几乎都没有听到塞壬的歌声。

链接：艺术中的塞壬

以塞壬为主题的油画、雕塑等艺术品不计其数。其中最出名的当属这幅，由英国新古典主义画家沃特豪斯（John William Waterhouse）所作，现珍藏于澳大利亚维多利亚国家美术馆。画中所绘正是上文提到的奥德修斯成功抵挡住塞壬诱惑的故事。

现在享誉世界的咖啡连锁店星巴克商标的创作灵感也来自海妖塞壬。星巴克这个名字来源于小说《大白鲸》中一位酷爱咖啡的水手斯达巴克（Starbuck），而塞壬总是出没于海域引诱船员。所以用塞壬这一形象，就象征着他们美味的咖啡就像塞壬的歌声一样，无法抵挡。