反意疑问句用法精析
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反意疑问句，又名附加疑问句，是英语中疑问句形式的一种。这一结构由第一部分提出看法，第二部分提出质疑。
一、 如果陈述部分为肯定形式，问句部分通常用否定形式；如果陈述部分否定形式，问句部分通常用肯定形式，并且两部分的时态要保持一致
(2009年上海卷)Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre,__________ ?
A. hasn’t she
B. has she
C. isn’t sheD. is she
【解析】 Sally’s的完全形式是Sally has，判断反意问句部分用助动词has；never表示否定, 因此反意问句部分用肯定形式。故答案选B。
二、 反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致
To get as much first-hand information as possible, inspectors will hold workshops and distribute the questionnaires,__________ ?
A. isn’t itB. won’t it
C. aren’t theyD. won’t they
三、 当句子的主语或谓语为特殊的词或词组时
1. 陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody 等合成词或词组时，反意疑问句部分的主语在非正式文体中，往往用they，有时也用he；而当陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, everything, nothing, something等时，反意疑问句部分的主语用it。
(1) (2000年上海卷)I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,__________ ?
A. do IB. don’t I
C. will theyD. won’t they
(2) Everything is ready, isn’t it?
2. 陈述部分是“there be”结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended,__________ ?
A. wasn’t thereB. was there
C. didn’t itD. did it
【解析】 存在句的肯定句要用wasn’t there作反意疑问句，故答案选A。
There will not be any trouble, will there?
3. 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。
（2009年湖南卷）You and I could hardly work together,__________ ?
A. could you B. couldn’t I
C. couldn’t weD. could we
Nobody phoned me while I was away, did they?
4. 当陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问句部分的主语在正式场合用one，在非正式场合用you。
One should be happy in this situation, shouldn’t one/ shouldn’t you?
5. 当陈述部分带有have表示“有”含义时，反意疑问句部分既可用have引导，也可用do引导；但当have不表示“有”含义时，附加疑问句必须用do的相应形式引导。
You have a good friend, haven’t you/don’t you?
We had a good time in the city, didn’t we?
6. 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn’t +主语或 usedn’t +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn’t he?/usedn’t he?
7. 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
8. 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn’t/oughtn’t +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtn’t he?/shouldn’t he?
9. 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to+v.)，疑问部分常用don’t +主语（didn’t +主语）。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?
10. 陈述部分有You’d like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn’t +主语。
You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you?
11. 当陈述句部分含有情态动词must时，要根据must 的具体含义而定。
(1) 当陈述部分的must表示“一定、想必”等推测意义时，反意疑问句部分不用must,而必须根据must 后的动词而采用相应的助动词来构成反意疑问句。判断的方法是：去掉情态动词must，看陈述句用什么时态，反意疑问句部分要随陈述句的谓语变化而变化。
He must be a doctor, isn’t he?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he?
It’s hot in the room. You must have turned off the air conditioner, haven’t you?
（2009年陕西卷）He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, __________?
A. is heB. isn’t he
C. must heD. mustn’t he
【解析】 陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must, 但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测, 将其不看作情态动词。而must后有助动词be，所以反意疑问句根据助动词be来构成，故答案选B。
(2) 当陈述部分的must 表示“必须”的含义时，反意疑问句部分用mustn’t。
They must hand in their papers right now, mustn’t they?
(3)当陈述部分的must 表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分用needn’t。
He must go now, needn’t he?
(4)当陈述部分为mustn’t 表示“禁止”时，反意疑问句部分用must。
You mustn’t smoke in the room, must you?
12. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do／does+ 主语。
She doesn’t dare to go home alone, does she?
13. 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。
It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
14. 陈述部分由neither…nor, either…or连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
四、 当主句的主语或谓语动词为特殊结构时
1. 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren’t I。
I’m late, aren’t I?
2. 陈述部分有had better+v. 疑问句部分用hadn’t you?
You’d better finish your homework, hadn’t you?
3. 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn’t +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?
4. 陈述部分的主语为从句、动词不定式、动名词短语，反意疑问句的主语通常用it。
What she said discouraged you, didn’t it?
To get rid of a bad habit is not easy, is it?
Skating is your favorite sport, isn’t it?
五、 当主句为特殊句型时
1. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
(2006年全国卷Ⅱ)We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter,__________ ？
A. do youB. can we
C. will youD. shall we
2. 主从复合句的反意疑问句通常应跟主句变。
(1) （2011年重庆卷）I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did,__________ ?
A. could heB. didn’t I
C. didn’t youD. could they
(2) (2011年上海卷)It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party,__________ ?
A. doesn’t itB. does it
C. don’t theyD. do they
3. 若陈述部分为含有主语从句的主从复合句，则反意疑问句同主句变，并且疑问部分主语用 it。
(1) (2009年辽宁卷)It’s the first time that he has been to Australia,__________?
A. isn’t he
B. hasn’t he
C. isn’t it
D. hasn’t it
(2) Whether we’ll have a picnic depends on the weather, doesn’t it ?
4. 主句谓语是believe; expect; fancy; feel; imagine; suppose; seem; think; be sure；如主句中的主语是第一人称单数 I 时，主从复合句的反意疑问句应跟从句变，并且主句中的否定转移到从句；如主句中的主语不是第一人称单数 I 时，主从复合句的反意疑问句仍跟主句变。
(2006年福建卷)I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,__________ ?
A. hadn’t youB. wouldn’t you
C. aren’t youD. didn’t she
注意：如果主句中的主语不是第一人称单数时,反意疑问句疑问部分仍跟主句变并且主句否定不转移到从句。
(2002年上海卷)Mrs. Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital cameral,__________ ?
A. is heB. isn’t he
C. doesn’t sheD. does she
5. 感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。
What colors, aren’t they?
What a smell, isn’t it?
6. 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you或won’t you；否定祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
(1) (2003年上海春)If you want help―money or anything, let me know,__________ you?
A. don’tB. will
C. shallD. do
(2) Don’t do that again, will you?
注意：Let’s 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?；Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?。
Let’s go to the film, shall we?
Let us go outing, will you?
巩固练习
1. She had better tell you the news right now, __________?
A. had sheB. hadn’t she
C. did sheD. didn’t she
2. They would rather not have done that last week,__________?
A. would theyB. wouldn’t they
C. have theyD. haven’t they
3. You ought to do it again,__________ ?
A. ought youB. don’t you
C. do youD. shouldn’t you
4. He must be a good worker,__________ ?
A. mustn’t heB. needn’t he
C. isn’t heD. doesn’t he
5. He must have been ill last week,__________ ?
A. hasn’t heB. didn’t he
C. wasn’t heD. mustn’t he
6. Something in my voice must have made him feel safe,__________ ?
A. mustn’t itB. hasn’t it
C. must itD. has it
7. There used to be a temple here,__________ ?
A. didn’t thereB. did there
C. used thereD. was there
8. Neither you nor I was invited to the party,__________?
A. weren’t weB. were we
C. was ID. were you
9. Either he or she is to clean the window,__________?
A. are theyB. aren’t they
C. isn’t heD. isn’t she
10. The little child dared not climb the tree,__________?
A. dared heB. did he
C. was heD. does he
11. I don’t suppose he will be here by nine o’clock,__________ ?
A. will heB. won’t he
C. do ID. don’t I
12. That his parents were ill made him a little worried,__________ ?
A. weren’t theyB. were they
C. didn’t itD. wasn’t it
13. He tried his best, but he was not successful in the end,__________ ?
A. didn’t heB. did he
C. was heD. wasn’t he
14. You think she is going to become a teacher, ?
A. do youB. don’t you
C. is sheD. isn’t she
15. It was in the park that I met her,__________ ?
A. was itB. wasn’t it
C. did ID. didn’t I
16. He dislikes what you have said,__________ ?
A. does heB. doesn’t he
C. have youD. haven’t you
17. When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf,__________ ?
A. do youB. don’t you
C. will youD. won’t you
18. It’s the first time that Tom has taken the research student’s exam,__________ ?
A. isn’t heB. isn’t it
C. hasn’t heD. hasn’t it
19. Lily, tell him your email-address,__________ ?
A. will youB. don’t you
C. are youD. didn’t you
20. He had little idea that it was getting so serious,__________ ?
A. didn’t heB. did he
C. wasn’t itD. was it
21. John has to get up early,__________ ?
A. has heB. hasn’t he
C. does heD. doesn’t he
22. He studies hard and he is the best student in my class,__________ ?
A.doesn’t heB. isn’t he
C. does heD. is he
23. What a lonely day,__________ ?
A. will itB. won’t it
C. is itD. isn’t it
24. I wish you to go fishing with me this weekend,__________ ?
A. do IB. don’t I
C. don’t youD. may I
25. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing,__________ ?
A. will youB. will we
C. shall weD. shan’t we
参考答案
1-5 BBDCC
6-10 ABBBB
11-15 ACCBB
16-20 BCBAB
21-25 DBDDC
（作者：陈昌明，镇江市丹阳中学）