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摘要: 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及制备薄层等方法对白英中的倍半萜进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其化学结构,发现并鉴定了10个倍半萜,分别为1β-羟基-1,2-二氢-α-山道年(1),boscialin(2),布卢门醇C(3),3β-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4),去氢催吐萝芙木醇(5),布卢门醇 A(6),(1′S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(7),(1′R,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(8),2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(9),蚱蜢酮(10)。10个倍半萜均为首次从白英中发现。
关键词: 茄科;茄属;白英;倍半萜
[收稿日期] 2013-09-23
[基金项目] 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2009CZ004)
[通信作者] *戴胜军, Tel:(0535) 6706025, Fax:(0535) 6706066, E-mail:
[作者简介] 岳喜典,博士研究生,Tel:(0535)3800102,E-mail:
白英,又名白毛藤,为茄科茄属植物白英Solanum lyratum Thunb.的干燥全草,为多年生草质藤本植物,主产于江苏、浙江、湖南、江西、安徽等地。《本草纲目》记载有“其味甘、性寒、无毒,主治寒热黄疸,消渴,补中益气”。《本草纲目拾遗》载有:“采其藤干之浸酒,云可除骨节风湿痛”。白英以全草及根入药,具有清热解毒、祛风化痰、祛风除湿、抗癌等功效,临床用于治疗感冒发热、黄疸型肝炎、胆囊炎、风湿性关节炎、肾炎水肿及多种癌症,尤其对子宫颈癌、肺癌、声带癌等有明显疗效。白英已有2 000多年的临床应用历史,而作为常用抗癌中草药,其抗肿瘤作用已得到充分肯定并广泛应用于临床,对消化、呼吸、生殖等系统的恶性肿瘤具有较好的抑制作用[1-3]。
前期研究中,课题组应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)微量酶反应比色法,对白英95%乙醇提取物进行了抗肿瘤活性筛选。结果显示,其95%乙醇提取物对淋巴癌P388细胞、人鼻咽癌HONE-1细胞、口腔上皮癌KB细胞及结肠癌HT29细胞表现出明显的生长抑制活性。为此,通过多种色谱分离技术,对白英的95%乙醇提取物进行了系统的化学研究,除先前发现的黄酮类及酰胺类化合物外[4],又发现10个倍半萜类化合物。根据理化性质及波谱数据,对所有倍半萜类化合物的结构进行了确定,包括1个桉烷型倍半萜(化合物1),6个降倍半萜(化合物2~6,10),3个Vetisperane型倍半萜(化合物7~9),10个倍半萜均为首次从白英中发现,同时也是国内学者首次对白英中的倍半萜类化合物进行系统研究。
1 材料
XT-4微型熔点测定仪(温度未校正),Autospec-Ultima ETOF 型质谱仪,Perkin-Elmer 683型红外光谱仪,Varian Unity BRUKER 400型核磁共振仪(TMS内标),薄层色谱硅胶(GF254) 和柱色谱硅胶(200~300目) 均为青岛海洋化工厂产品,Sephadex LH-20为北京金欧亚进口分装产品。白英全草采自江西樟树,由烟台大学药学院生药室李桂生教授鉴定,标本(YP10082)保存于烟台大学药学院标本室。
2 提取和分离
取干燥的白英全草50.0 kg,粉碎后用95%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h。提取液合并、减压浓缩,得总浸膏2.3 kg。将浸膏悬浮于水中,依次用石油醚、三氯甲烷、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇反复萃取,萃取液分别合并、减压浓缩,得三氯甲烷部位191.7 g。三氯甲烷部位通过硅胶柱色谱,采用环己烷-丙酮(5∶1~3∶1)梯度洗脱,分为8个组分。组分3(18.5 g)通过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)洗脱,分为4个部位,分别经过制备薄层色谱,得化合物1(103 mg),4(49 mg),5(117 mg),6(72 mg);组分4(19.3 g)通过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)洗脱,分为4个部位,每个部位经过制备薄层色谱,得化合物2(58 mg),3(134 mg),7(83 mg),10(28 mg);组分5(10.4 g)通过Sephadex LH-20柱色谱,氯仿-甲醇(1∶1)洗脱,分为3个部位,部位2经过制备薄层色谱,得化合物8(58 mg),9(44 mg)。
3 结构鉴定
化合物1 淡黄色油状物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 265.3[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 3.87(1H,dd,J=5.6,12.5 Hz,H-1),2.67(1H,dd,J=12.6,17.3 Hz,H-2a),2.79(1H,dd,J=5.6,17.3 Hz,H-2b),5.47(1H,d,J=5.4 Hz,H-6),2.23(1H,m,H-7),1.78(1H,m,H-8a),1.57(1H,m,H-8b),1.98(1H,m,H-9a),1.40(1H,m,H-9b),2.55(1H,m,H-11),1.40(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-13),1.26(3H,s,H-14),1.93(3H,s,H-15);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 73.0(C-1),42.5(C-2),197.1(C-3),137.5(C-4),150.6(C-5),75.4(C-6),42.9(C-7),22.7(C-8),32.6(C-9),40.0(C-10),43.6(C-11),179.5(C-12),15.2(C-13),17.8(C-14),10.9(C-15)。以上数据与文献[5]报道的1β-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-α-santonin的数据一致,故鉴定化合物1为1β-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-α-santonin。
化合物2 淡黄色油状物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 227.3[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.61(1H,m,H-2a),1.53(1H,m,H-2b),3.90(1H,m,H-3),1.84(1H,m,H-4a),1.37(1H,m,H-4b),2.05(1H,m,H-5),6.70(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-7),6.35(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-8),2.30(3H,s,H-10),1.03(3H,s,H-11),0.88(3H,s,H-12),0.81(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 39.9(C-1),45.0(C-2),66.4(C-3),38.7(C-4),34.0(C-5),77.8(C-6),150.7(C-7),130.3(C-8),197.8(C-9),28.0(C-10),24.5(C-11),25.1(C-12),15.9(C-13)。以上数据与文献[6]报道的boscialin的数据一致,故鉴定化合物2为boscialin。
化合物3 淡黄色油状物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 211.2[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 2.37(1H,d,J=17.5 Hz,H-2a),2.01(1H,d,J=17.5 Hz,H-2b),5.81(1H,s,H-4),3.76(1H,m,H-9),1.21(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-10),1.07(3H,s,H-11),1.02(3H,s,H-12),1.99(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ: 36.3(C-1),47.1(C-2),199.0(C-3),125.2(C-4),165.4(C-5),51.1(C-6),26.2(C-7),38.7(C-8),68.1(C-9),23.8(C-10),27.2(C-11),28.9(C-12),24.7(C-13)。以上数据与文献[7]报道的blumenol C的数据一致,由此鉴定化合物3为blumenol C。
化合物4 淡黄色油状物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 225.4[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.25(1H,m,H-2a),1.62(1H,m,H-2b),3.90(1H,m,H-3),1.66(1H,m,H-4b),2.39(1H,m,H-4a),7.02(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-7),6.30(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-8),2.28(3H,s,H-10),0.98(3H,s,H-11),1.19(6H,s,H-12,13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 35.1(C-1),46.7(C-2),64.0(C-3),40.5(C-4),67.2(C-5),69.5(C-6),142.3(C-7),132.5(C-8),197.4(C-9),28.3(C-10),25.0(C-11),29.2(C-12),19.9(C-13)。上述化合物4的理化现象及波谱数据与文献[8]报道的3β-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one的数据完全一致。
化合物5 淡黄色油状物(氯仿)。ESI-MS m/z 223.2[M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 2.34(1H,d,J=17.3 Hz,H-2a),2.50(1H,d,J=17.3 Hz,H-2b),5.96(1H,s,H-4),6.84(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-7),6.46(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-8),2.31(3H,s,H-10),1.89(3H,s,H-11),1.10(3H,s,H-12),1.03(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 41.4(C-1),49.6(C-2),197.2(C-3),127.8(C-4),160.1(C-5),79.3(C-6),144.9(C-7),130.4(C-8),196.9(C-9),28.4(C-10),18.6(C-11),24.3(C-12),22.9(C-13)。以上数据与文献[9]报道的dehydrovomifoliol的数据一致,由此鉴定化合物5为dehydrovomifoliol。
化合物6 淡黄色油状物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 225.3[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 2.45(1H,d,J=17.0 Hz,H-2b),2.24(1H,d,J=17.0 Hz,H-2a),5.90(1H,s,H-4),5.81(1H,d,J=15.7 Hz,H-7),5.84(1H,dd,J=5.7,15.7 Hz,H-8),4.40(1H,m,H-9),1.31(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-10),1.07(3H,s,H-11),1.03(3H,s,H-12),1.89(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 41.1(C-1),49.7(C-2),198.0(C-3),126.8(C-4),162.9(C-5),79.0(C-6),129.0(C-7),135.8(C-8),67.9(C-9),23.7(C-10),22.9(C-11),24.0(C-12),18.9(C-13)。以上数据与文献[10]报道的blumenol A的数据一致,故鉴定化合物6为blumenol A。
化合物7 淡黄色油状物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 253.2[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.96(1H,dd,J=7.6,13.3 Hz,H-1a),1.61(1H,dd,J=11.5,13.3 Hz,H-1b),2.13(1H,m,H-2),1.82(1H,m,H-3a),1.78(1H,m,H-3b),1.66(1H,m,Ha-4),1.88(1H,m,H-4b),5.76(1H,s,H-7),2.65(1H,dd,J=4.6,16.8 Hz,H-9a),2.20(1H,dd,J=4.3,16.8 Hz,H-9b),2.11(1H,m,H-10),3.54(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-12a),3.42(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-12b),1.18(3H,s,H-13),1.95(3H,s,H-14),0.97(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-15);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 36.9(C-1),46.0(C-2),27.3(C-3),34.0(C-4),49.8(C-5),167.1(C-6),125.5(C-7),199.4(C-8),42.8(C-9),38.5(C-10),73.5(C-11),69.4(C-12),21.7(C-13),21.0(C-14),15.8(C-15)。以上化合物7的理化现象及波谱数据与文献[11]报道的(1′S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4-5]dec-6-en-8-one完全一致。
化合物8 淡黄色油状物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 253.3[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.96(1H,dd,J=7.6,13.3 Hz,H-1a),1.67(1H,dd,J=11.5,13.3 Hz,H-1b),2.13(1H,m,H-2),1.83(1H,m,H-3a),1.68(1H,m,H-3b),1.67(1H,m,H-4a),1.89(1H,m,H-4b),5.76(1H,s,H-7),2.65(1H,dd,J=4.6,16.8 Hz,H-9a),2.20(1H,dd,J=4.3,16.8 Hz,H-9b),2.11(1H,m,H-10),3.53(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-12a),3.43(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-12b),1.21(3H,s,H-13),1.95(3H,s,H-14),0.97(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-15);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 36.2(C-1),46.0(C-2),28.2(C-3),33.8(C-4),49.8(C-5),167.1(C-6),125.4(C-7),199.4(C-8),42.8(C-9),38.6(C-10),73.6(C-11),69.4(C-12),21.9(C-13),21.0(C-14),15.8(C-15)。以上化合物8的理化现象及波谱数据与文献[11]报道的(1′R,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4-5]dec-6-en-8-one完全一致。
化合物9 淡黄色油状物(氯仿);ESI-MS m/z 269.4[M+H]+;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 2.18(1H,m,H-1a),1.59(1H,m,H-1b),2.17(1H,m,H-2),1.90(1H,m,H-3a),1.75(1H,m,H-3b),1.57(1H,m,H-4a),2.27(1H,m,H-4b),5.85(1H,s,H-7),3.84(1H,d,J =12.7 Hz,H-9),2.11(1H,m,H-10),3.56(1H,d,J=11.1 Hz,H-12a),3.44(1H,d,J=11.1 Hz,H-12b),1.28(3H,s,H-13),2.07(3H,s,H-14),1.21(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-15);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 36.8(C-1),48.1(C-2),28.1(C-3),31.3(C-4),51.1(C-5),172.7(C-6),121.9(C-7),199.3(C-8),74.0(C-9),47.3(C-10),73.3(C-11),69.7(C-12),22.4(C-13),22.3(C-14),12.2(C-15)。以上化合物9的理化现象及波谱数据与文献[12]报道的2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro[4-5]dec-6-en-8-one完全一致。
化合物10 无色晶体(氯仿);mp 125~126 ℃;FAB-MS m/z 225.2[M+H]+;IR(KBr) νmax: 3 307,1 940,1 661,1 450,1 238,1 179,1 154 cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 1.39(1H,t,J=12.3 Hz,H-2a),2.05(1H,dd,J=12.3,4.0 Hz,H-2b),4.34(1H,m,H-3),1.40(1H,t,J=12.0 Hz,H-4a),2.20(1H,dd,J=12.0,4.5 Hz,H-4b),5.82(1H,br s,H-8),2.17(3H,s,H-10),1.16(3H,s,H-11),1.35(3H,s,H-12),1.43(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 36.0(C-1),48.7(C-2),63.9(C-3),48.7(C-4),72.3(C-5),119.0(C-6),198.4(C-7),101.0(C-8),209.8(C-9),31.7(C-10),26.5(C-11),30.1(C-12),30.9(C-13)。以上理化特征及波谱数据与文献[13]报道的grasshopper ketone的数据一致,故鉴定化合物10为grasshopper ketone。
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Sesquiterpenoids from Solanum lyratum
YUE Xi-dian1,2, YAO Fang2, ZHANG Lei2, LI Gui-sheng2, DAI Sheng-jun2*
(1. College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
2. School of Pharmaceutical Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China)
[Abstract] Ten compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH-20 from the whole plant of Solanum lyratum. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data as 1β-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-α-santonin(1),boscialin(2), blumenol C(3), 3β-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxy-7-megastigmen-9-one(4), dehydrovomifoliol(5), blumenol A(6),(1′S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(7),(1′R,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(8), 2-(1′,2′-dihydroxy-1′-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(9), and grasshopper ketone(10).Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
[Key words] Solanaceae; Solanum; Solanum lyratum; sesquiterpenoid
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20140318