博客渐成媒体主流
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by Andrew Downes
翻译：蔡林
Blogging has become something of a big thing in the last few years. Just like the Internet was 10 years ago, blogging is popular with an underground[地下的] culture that is doing it for love and passion[热情].
在过去数年中，博客已经变成一种举足轻重的东西。就像十年前的互联网一样，博客的兴起，得益于一股出于兴趣与爱好而参与其中的地下文化。
What Is Blogging?何谓博客？
Blogging is a way of collecting links to webpages and sharing thoughts and ideas with people online. Blogs (or Web logs[日志]) are basically[主要地] online journals[杂志] or diaries which are created for sharing information and ideas.
博客是一种收集网页链接以及跟网络上的其他人分享想法的方式。博客（即“网络日志”）主要是指为了分享信息和意见而创建的网络杂志或者网络日记。
Educational Blogging 教育博客
The bell rings, and the halls of Institute St-Joseph in Quebec City echo the clatter of the fifth- and sixth-graders chairs. Some take their chairs into the more traditional classroom on the lower floor. Others attend to their projects in the large, open activity room upstairs. A third group steps up a half flight[一段楼梯] of stairs into the small narrow room at the front of the building, one wall lined with pictures and plastercine models of imagined aliens[外星人], the other with a bank of Apple computers.
This last group of students, eight or so at a time, fire up their browsers[浏览器] and log into a publication space which is composed[组成] of three sets of blogs: a classroom Web space, where announcements are displayed and works of common interested are posted; a public, personal communication zone, where students post the results of their work or reflection; and a private personal space, reserved[保存] for students-thoughts and teacher guidance[指导].
Dominic, a fifth-grade student, writes: "The blogs give us a chance to communicate between ourselves and motivate[激发] us to write more. When we publish on our blog, people across the entire world can respond by using the ‘comments’link. In this way, they can ask questions or simply tell us what they like. We can then know if people like what we write and this indicates[说明] to us where we can improve. By reading these comments, we can discover our weaknesses and our strengths. Blogging is an opportunity to exchange our points of view with the rest of the world rather than just people in our immediate environment."The students at St-Joseph are reflective[反射的] of a trend that is sweeping[席卷] the world of online learning: the use of web logs to support learning. And even though the world of fifth grade may seem remote[遥远的] to educators in the college and university system, these students, when they enter post-secondary education, may have had more experience writing online for an audience than writing with a pen and paper for a teacher. Such students will bring with them a new set of skills and attitudes.
Blogging is sweeping the Internet. A recent report noted that at least three million Americans have created blogs, with similar numbers being seen worldwide. And schools have not been immune[免疫的] to this trend. While nobody can say for sure just how many students are blogging, inside the classroom or out, it seems clear that the numbers are equally impressive[印象深刻的].
上课铃响了，魁北克市圣约瑟芬学院的大厅内回荡着五、六年级的学生们拉动椅子的声音。有的学生将椅子带到楼下比较传统的教室中。有的学生到楼上宽阔的活动室中活动。第三种学生则走上一小段楼梯，到教学楼前一间窄窄的小房间中去，那里一边的墙边排放着虚构的外星人石膏模型和图片，一边则放着一排苹果电脑。
这部分学生，每次大概八个人，在那里打开浏览器，登录到一个由3套博客组成的出版网站上，其内容包括：一个网络教室（这里用于公布通知以及共享大家都感兴趣的作品）；一个公共与个人的交流区域（学生可以在这里张贴他们的作品或者意见）；一处私人空间（用于张贴学生的想法与教师的指导内容）。
五年级学生多米尼克写道：“博客让我们有机会彼此交流，并激发我们进行更多创作。当我们在博客上发表意见时，人们可以通过发表评论作出回应，他们可以提问或者直接告诉我们他们喜欢什么。然后我们可以知道人们是否喜欢我们写的内容，这又有助于提醒我们应该在哪些地方加以改进。通过阅读他们的意见，我们可以发现自己的缺点和长处。博客是一种与世界各地的人交流意见的方式，而不仅仅局限于我们周围的人。”
圣约瑟芬学院的学生的例子是目前方兴未艾的世界网络教育热潮的反映：用博客来辅助教育。尽管五年级学生的世界对于学院和大学系统的教育家们而言或许有些遥远，这些学生在进入专科学校之后，或许将会拥有更多为读者进行在线写作的经验，而不是只会用纸笔将自己的想法写给老师看。这些学生能学到新的技能，对人生的态度也会不同。
博客正在因特网上掀起一股热潮。最近的一次调查指出至少三百万美国人已经创建了博客，世界范围内的博客人群的数字也与此不相上下。学校也未能在这股潮流中置身度外。虽然没人能确定到底校内校外有多少学生使用博客，这个数字似乎也同样不容小觑。
Blogging Is Inexpensive, and Easy to Use
博客成本低廉，使用方便
Blogging software is designed to make it easy for just about anyone to publish their blogs, and organizing blogs doesn't require much thought or labor because the software automatically[自动地] sorts[分类] things into a chronological sequence. A blog owner can edit or update[更新] a new entry without worrying about page formats or HTML syntax[语言].
博客软件是为了方便任何希望创建博客的人而设计的，创建博客不需要花费很多的精力和劳力，因为软件会按照时间顺序对内容进行自动分类。博客创建人可以随意编辑或更新内容，而不必担心网页格式或HTML语言问题。
Criticisms批评
One of the criticisms of blogs and especially student blogs ?is that the students write about nothing but trivia[琐事]. Examples can be seen all over the Internet. And many students, when facing the blogging screen, feel like Matt, who writes: "How each time I warily approach writing a blog entry, or start writing it, or actually wrote it, I end up thinking what is the point When given their own resources to draw on, bloggers "especially young bloggers"can become frustrated[失望的] and may eventually report having "committed the ultimate[最终的] blogging sin of losing interest in myself."关于博客的批评意见之一―尤其是针对学生博客―认为学生只会在博客上写些琐事。互联网上此类例子随处可见。很多学生在写博客时，跟马特颇有同感，他写道：“现在每次我小心地着手写博客、或开始写、或已经写完时，我总是思考这样的问题：我的目的何在？”当他们得以获取自己的资源时，博客创作者―尤其是年轻的博客创作者―可能会变得失望，最后还可能被宣布为“患上对自我失去兴趣的终极博客症”。
The Blogging Revolution 博客变革
The people self-publishing these blogs are an eclectic mix, from trendy teenagers discussing their body piercings to celebrities[名人] sharing their everyday lives and activists staking out political positions.
Blogs do two things that Web magazines simply cannot. First off, blogs are personal. Almost all of them are imbued[浸透] with the temper of their writer, which interests readers who increasingly doubt the authority of the opinionated magazines and newspapers, despite their grand-sounding titles and large staffs.
The second thing blogs do is to seize the means of production. It'S hard to underestimate[低估] what a huge deal this is. For as long as journalism[报章杂志] has existed, writers of whatever kind have had one route to readers: They needed an editor and a publisher. Even in the most benign scenario, this process subtly[巧妙地] distorts journalism. You find yourself almost unconsciously[不知不觉] writing to please a handful of people - the editors looking for a certain kind of story, the publishers seeking to push a particular venture, or the advertisers who influence the editors and owners. Blogging simply bypasses[回避] this ancient ritual[惯例].省略 to publish some daily musings[冥想] to a readership[读者人数] of a few hundred. He worked hard at the blog for months for no financial reward. But the upshot[结果] is that he is now reaching almost a quarter of a million readers a month and making a profit.
Think about it for a minute: Why not build an online presence with your daily musings and then sell your first book through print-on-demand (POD) technology direct from your Web site? Why should writers go to newspapers and magazines to get an essay published when they can simply write it themselves, convert it into a PDF file, and charge a few bucks[美元] per download?
This, at least, is the idea: a publishing revolution more profound than anything since the printing press.省略" could be to words what Napster was to music - except this time, it'll really work.省略”之名向几百名读者他的一些日常随笔。在几个月的时间里，他无偿为创建博客苦拼。而如今，他每月已经拥有将近25万读者，并且实现盈利。
用一点时间考虑一下这个问题：为何不将你的每日随笔制成一些在线内容，然后通过随选列印(POD)直接在你的网站上销售你的第一本书？如果作者们很容易就能够写好自己的文章、将之转制成PDF文件，收取一次几美元的下载费用的话，又何必出版社帮忙出版他们的作品呢？
这至少说明了一个问题：博客已经带来了一场自印刷机诞生以来最为深远的出版革命。对于语言的重要性恰似Napster对于音乐一般不可忽视―只不过这一次它将会真的有所作为。