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It’s a chemistry lesson with a difference. The teachers are 1)all ears while their pupils demonstrate an invention they think could help solve Nigeria’s chronic electricity shortage. Their invention is the ultimate in waste recycling, 2)harnessing the power of pee to make a generator.
Duro-Aina Adebola(student): So we opted for urine. Since, one, it’s a waste product, and if we use urine as a, in…as a carry out electricities,[sic] and we use urine, our waste products or our exhaust gas is going to be water, and that is not poisonous to our environment.
The system works via an electrolytic cell that breaks the urine down into 3)nitrogen, water and hydrogen. Fourteen-year-old Duro-Aina Adebola is one of four girls at Lagos’ Doregos Private Academy who devised the generator.
Adebola: This hydrogen oxygen gas mixture goes into our water 4)filter, and the function of the water filter is to remove any 5)impurities from our hydrogen oxygen gas mixture. The hydrogen oxygen gas then goes into a cylinder here, which stores, temporarily stores, the gas whenever we need the gas.
This cylinder contains liquid 6)borax, which purifies the hydrogen making it ready for use. A generator can produce up to six hours of electricity per litre of urine. Their teacher says his pupils have even found a solution to the 7)squeamishness associated with their raw product.
Teacher: (voiceover) You know, people get repelled at the odor of urine. If it’s their own urine, they don’t mind, but somebody else’s urine, they don’t like touching it. To avoid that they added two 8)molar solution of 9)washing soda at point one percent inside the urine, so it suppresses the odor of the urine.
The 10)quartet, aged between 14 and 15, are hopeful the urine generator will provide an environmentally-friendly energy alternative for the poor. Even though wind and solar energy is harnessed in Nigeria, the options are capital-intensive and not affordable for most rural dwellers. The young innovators have spent just $64.00 on their invention, and believe, with another small investment, they can make the device more 11)compact and more practical in millions of homes throughout the developing world.
这是一堂别开生面的化学课。学生们演示自己的发明时,老师们全神贯注地听,学生认为此项发明能有助于解决尼日利亚长期的“电力缺乏”问题。他们的发明就是要造一台能利用尿液的发电机,这可以说达到了废物利用的极致。
杜罗-艾娜·安迪博拉(学生):我们选择尿液,因为,它是排泄物,而如果我们把尿液作为发电的动力,我们使用尿液,最终产生的废弃物或是废气会是水,那就不会对我们的环境造成污染。
通过电解槽,尿液会分解成氮、水、氢。这个四人小组就读于拉各斯的多黎戈斯私立学院,这个想法最初是由14岁的杜罗-艾娜·安迪博拉提出的。
安迪博拉:这类氢氧气的混合物经过过滤器——用来去除混合气体中的杂质元素。接着这样的氢氧混合气体到达这个汽缸中,这是用来储藏,暂时储藏气体的,什么时候我们需要,就从这里取。
这个汽缸装置里面装有液态硼砂,可以纯化氢气以方便使用。这种发电机利用每公升尿液可以提供长达六小时的电力。她们的老师说,自己的学生甚至还为对使用尿液有不适感的人找到了解决方法。
老师:(画外音)你知道人们对尿液的味道很反感。如果是他们自己的,他们倒不介意,要是是别人的,他们可就不喜欢接触到了。为了避免异味,她们在尿液中加入了两摩尔浓度为1‰的洗涤碱溶液,这样就可以抑制尿液的异味。
这四个女孩年龄介乎14至15岁之间,她们希望这种尿液发电机可以为穷苦大众提供一种有利于环保的能源替代物。尽管尼日利亚也在使用风能和太阳能,但它们都属于资本密集型的能源,大多数的农村民众负担不起。这些小发明家的发明只花费了64美元,而且她们还相信,再多一点投入,她们就能完善装置,简易实用,在发展中国家的万千家庭普及。
尿液发电,一个美好的梦想
尿液发电的原理是通过收集尿液中的氨作为生物燃料来提供能源。来自西英格兰大学的研究人员说:“基于每年全球可产生数万亿公升尿液,这项技术有助于改变世界能量利用方式。其影响力非常深远,不仅对于污水处理行业,也使人们对废水处理产生了新的转换意识。”这是一个美好的愿景,然而,尿液发电却存在致命的缺陷。
一、收益较低:尿液电解产生氢气需要一种电输入,就其本身而言尿液在没有一种现存的能源供应的地区是不能够被用于发电的。
二、寿命较短:曼彻斯特大学的一位研究人员解释:“尿液不仅是由尿素组成的,其中有很多的盐,而且盐水的电解除了产生氢还有氯,氯离子能够和氢离子结合形成盐酸,这不利于发电机的长期使用。”
虽然实用性有待商榷,但是,这为人类进行废物利用提出了一个可供参考的途径。这在人人都喊环保的今天,切实地想方设法解决环境问题还是非常值得赞赏的。