垂枝小叶杨与中华红叶杨快繁技术研究
开篇：润墨网以专业的文秘视角，为您筛选了一篇垂枝小叶杨与中华红叶杨快繁技术研究范文，如需获取更多写作素材，在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享！
摘要：近年来，我国城市园林绿化行业发展迅猛，对绿化苗木的需求大大增加，而现代园林的快速发展不仅体现在绿化指标的节节攀升，还体现在绿化水平的不断提高上。进入新世纪人们对环境改善的期望越来越高，特别是北方城市，为丰富城市色彩，迫切需要性状优良的彩叶树种。
我国近年引进和选育了不少彩叶树种，尤其是紫红色叶类和黄（金）色叶类，如美国红栌、日本红枫、红叶石楠、紫叶矮樱、金叶莸、金叶扶藤、金叶刺槐等，这些树种所独有的特色，极大地丰富了城市园林景观，提高了绿化的水平和档次，使一向色彩单调的城市绿化水平得以迅速改善。但纵观当前所使用的彩叶树种，以低矮花灌木居多，乔木树种也多为小乔木，大多存在着体量小或生长速度慢等方面的缺陷，且部分彩叶树种颜色也不够鲜艳。
城市绿化建设中，为追求理想的绿化效果，都大量使用规格苗木，或成片群植。而当前一些彩叶树种很难短期内达到要求，要快速形成成片、大体量园林景观和色块难度较大。作为彩叶树种的中红杨不但具备杨树生长速度快、适应性强、繁殖容易的特点，而且叶面颜色鲜艳亮丽，克服了当前彩叶树种的缺陷，可迅速形成大面积、高档次的园林景观。
作为世界唯一的高大乔木彩色速生树种，在道路、城市郊区、园林绿化中，可达到“立地成景”的效果，其叶面颜色的多变性，克服了当前彩叶树种的缺陷，可迅速形成大面积、高档次的园林景观。
1 Abstract
In recent years, our country city landscaping industry is developing rapidly, greatly increased the green seedlings demand, but the rapid development of modern landscape architecture is not only reflected in the green index rose steadily, also reflected in the greening level increasing. Enter new century people expect to improve environment is more and more high, especially in the north of the city, city color is rich, in urgent need of excellent tree species traits.
Our country in recent years, the introduction and breeding of many tree species, especially red leaves and yellow (gold) color leaf plant, such as the United States of America red Lu, Japanese maple, Photinia, Prunus cistena, gold leaf Caryopteris, golden leaf Euonymus rattan, gold leaf acacia tree species, these unique characteristics, greatly enriched the city landscape greening, improve the level and grade, has been so drab city greening level can be improved rapidly. But look at the colorful species, mostly low shrubs, trees are mostly small trees, most of the existence of defects smaller or growth, slow speed, and the part of colored-leaf trees color is not bright.
In the city, as the greening effect the pursuit of an ideal, a large number of seedlings, or the whole group planting. And the current number of colored-leaf trees are difficult to meet the requirements in the short term, to quickly form piece, big landscape and color is difficult. As the tree species in Hong Yang not only has the poplar growth speed, strong adaptability, easy propagation characteristics, and leaf color bright, overcomes the defects of the current tree species, can quickly form a large area, high-grade landscape.
In the tall tree of color the world's only fast-growing species, on the road, the outskirts of the city, landscape architecture, can achieve "site into King" effect, whose variability of leaf color, overcomes the defects of the current tree species, can quickly form a large area, high-grade garden landscape.
中图分类号：J522.3文献标识码：A 文章编码
1.1小叶杨的特性
1.1.1分布
小叶杨（ Populussimonii Carr.）又名白达木、冬瓜杨、大白树、水桐、山白杨、南京白杨、白杨柳、明杨，为杨柳科杨属植物。在我国的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、河南、山东、山西、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、江苏、安徽、湖北、四川、新疆、云南等省（区）均有分布。其中，以河南、陕西、山东、甘肃、山西、河北、内蒙古、辽宁等省最多，为适生分布地区。垂直分布在1500ｍ，最高可达海拔3000ｍ，是一种分布广，适应性强，材质较好的树种，广泛用于防风固沙、保持水土、“四旁”绿化，是我国西北、华北、东北地区主要造林树种之一。
1.1.2形态特征
小叶杨为落叶乔木，树高15～25m，大者胸径1m以上。幼树皮灰绿色，老时暗灰色，纵沟裂。树冠卵圆形。幼枝和萌生枝常有明显棱角，呈红褐色，后变黄褐色，无毛。冬芽细长，棕褐色，光滑无毛，稍有粘质，长1～1.5cm，先端渐尖。叶菱状卵形、菱状椭圆形或菱状倒卵形长4～11cm，宽2～4cm，长枝叶中部以上最宽，先端急尖或渐尖，基部楔形，边缘有细锯齿，上面淡绿色，无毛，下面灰绿白色，无毛；叶柄圆筒形，长0.5～4cm，常呈红色延伸至中脉，无毛。雄花序长3～7cm，花轴无毛，苞片长约3mm，细条裂，暗褐色，雄蕊通常8～9枚。雌花序长2.5～7cm，苞片绿色，裂片褐色，柱头2裂。果穗长达15cm；蒴果小，卵形，无毛，成熟时变黄色，2～3瓣裂。种子具白色丝状长毛。花期4月，果期5月下旬。