当英语遇上法语

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在任何语言的发展过程中，都会有很多外来词汇的融入使其更加丰富多彩。英语自然也不例外，当中有不少法语外来词。在本期的《小词大义》中，就让我们一起来看看英语中有哪些法语外来词吧。

Mayday is an emergency code word. It is used around the world in voice communications. You might see a war movie in which an airplane has been hit by rocket fire. The pilot gets on his radio and calls “mayday, mayday, mayday” to tell that his plane is in danger of crashing to the ground.

Mayday has nothing to do with the month of May. It comes from the French expressions “venez m’aider,” or “m’aidez,” which mean “help me.”

Frederick Stanley Mockford created the mayday call signal in the 1920s. Mockford was a radio officer at Croydon Airport in London. He was asked to think of a word that could be used in an emergency. The word had to be easily understood by all pilots and airport workers. Much of the air traffic at that

“Mayday”一词与“May”（五月）没有任何的联系，实际上，它是国际通用的无线电通话遇难求救信号。“Mayday”来源于法语词“venez m’aider”或 “m’aidez”，是“help me（救我）”的意思，引用为英文发音就成了“Mayday”。

该词用作求救信号源于1923年，一个名叫Federick Stanley Mockford的英国人在伦敦的Croydon机场任职无线电报务员。机场要求他提出一个简单易明的词给所有机师和地勤工作人员在紧急求救时使用。当时机场的航班多数来往于伦敦与法国巴黎，所以他提出源自法文词“m’aider”的“Mayday”。

如今，“Mayday”一词仍在使用，在发出该信号时，必须连续呼叫三次以免误听、被噪音盖过或与其他通讯信号混淆。

time was between Croydon Airport and Le Bourget Airport near Paris, France. So he proposed the word mayday.

Today, many groups use the word to mean a life-threatening emergency. The call is always given three times to prevent mistaking it for some similar sounding words.

Many other French words are commonly used in English. One of these words is even in The Special English Word Book. It is sabotage. It means to damage or destroy as an act of subversion against an organization or nation.

You may have heard the term laissez-faire to describe a kind of economic or political policy. It means to leave alone and not interfere. It was first used in France in the eighteenth century.

In the business world, entrepreneur is another French word. It means a person who starts and operates a new business and has responsibility for any risks involved.

Many French words are used in the arts. For example, a film noir is a movie about murder and other crimes. These films were popular in the 1940s and 1950s. Anything in art, music or literature which is very modern or ahead of its time is called avant-garde.

If you are looking for a job, you must prepare your résumé. This document lists all of your education, skills and experience. Something that is one of a kind and like no other thing is called unique.

The French are famous for their food. All cooks need to know how to sauté. This is frying something quickly in a small amount of oil or butter. When you are eating at a restaurant, the server may tell you bon appétit, which means good appetite, or enjoy your meal. And if you go away, someone may wish you bon voyage or have a good trip.

“sabotage”源于法语词，是指颠覆一个组织或国家的破坏行为。

“laissez-faire”一词源自18世纪的法国，意为自由主义，是一个经济或政治政策术语，指的是放任不加干预。

“enterpreneur”在商业领域中使用，是企业家的意思，也就是启动和经营一项新生意并承担所有风险的人。

在艺术领域，也有很多法语词汇，如“a flim noir”，意思是风靡于19世纪四五十年代的黑，指的是关于谋杀和其他犯罪的影片；另外，“avant-garde”是前卫的意思，任何艺术形式包括音乐、文学等的现代感或超前都可以用这个词来形容。

“résumé”是我们接触较多的词语之一，在找工作的时候，必须准备自己的简历，“résumé”就是简历的意思，这需要在其中列举出你的教育程度、相关技能和经验等，同时为了吸引HR的眼球，最好附上自己“unique”的一面，只有与众不同才能在众多求职者中脱颖而出。

法国的美食世界闻名，与食物相关的法语词自然不得不提。“sauté”是一种烹饪方式，指用少量油或黄油快速煎一些食物，也就是我们说的“炒”；在餐厅吃饭时，服务员会对你说“bon appétit”，这是在祝你用餐愉快，相当于“enjoy yourself”的意思；进餐完毕，将要离开餐厅之际，有人会对你说“bon voyage”,可以理解成中文里说的“慢走”的意思，或者是一路顺风。