肖庆周: 创建现代生态海洋化工大基地
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走进海化，一处处建设工地热火朝天，一座座新工厂拔地而起，一个个新兴的经济增长“产业集群”方兴未艾……
2003年是山东海化集团实现超常规跨越式发展的一年：在主导产品纯碱价格大幅度下滑和原材物料大幅度涨价的不利形势下，集团完成营业收入53．8亿元，实现利税6.5亿元，实现利润3.7亿元，同比分别增长59.1%、73.1%和149.1%。同2000年相比，三项指标均增长了一倍多，圆满实现了“一年打基础，两年上台阶，三年翻一番”的规划目标，为2005年实现销售收入过100亿元奠定了坚实的基础。
求真务实，居危思进
“桃李不言，下自成蹊。”海化集团董事长、总经理、党委书记肖庆周对自己的座右铭这样说道，“干企业，做事情，不是为了炫耀政绩，你做的事情总得经得起时间和历史的检验，叫广大职工群众从心底里认可才是。”
“多做一点，少说一点，做实一点。”肖庆周说，“近三年，集团固定资产投入30亿元，所投项目没有一个是失败的；所定的计划没有一项是落空的，都超额完成了既定的奋斗目标。”用肖庆周的话说，这一切归结于一句古语叫“凡事预则立，不预则废”。
其实，海化近几年的超常规跨越式发展生动地证明了这一点。审时度势，准确预测，正确决策，科学实施，真抓实干，是肖庆周近几年来动用心思投入精力最多的地方。
“企业最好的时候，也就是最危险的时候。”肖庆周认为，“中国入世后，国外大企业蜂拥而入，抢占市场；民营企业如雨后春笋蓬勃发展；南方先进省市一批完成初步资本积累的企业战略投资正向北方转移。”“决策失误是最大的失误，但科学的决策来源于对国内外形势、产业政策、市场信息、自身比较优势等诸多因素的准确把握，要真正做到这一点，可不是件容易事。”
“差距就是潜力。与国内外先进企业相比，我们的差距显而易见，最主要的就是思想观念没有人家的新，思路没有人家的宽，体制没有人家的好，效率没有人家的高。”肖庆周认为，“能够发现问题是有水平的表现，能够正视问题是有勇气的表现，能够解决问题是有能力的表现。看不到差距是最大的差距，看不到问题是最大的问题，看不到危机是最大的危机。发现问题是为了解决问题，看到差距是为了缩小差距。”
“不求最大，但求最强，以强固本，强中求大。”这是肖庆周对海化发展理念的清醒的把握。他认为，海化目前要做大做强，首先必须先做强，再做大，走以强固本、强中求大的发展之路。
3年投入30亿，大投入还要巧投入
这边项目刚刚投产，那边项目开始试车；这边工地上塔吊林立、机械轰鸣，那边工程又开工奠基……在海化集团到处都能看到一派热火朝天、大干快上的动人场面。
海化集团的超常规跨越式发展，首先得益于投入的大气魄，尤其是新上大项目多。去年仅过亿元的项目就有10多个， 40万吨重油综合利用、两个40万吨焦炭、2.4万吨三聚氰胺、60万具二氧化碳灭火器瓶体、热电扩建二期工程、合资溴化物等项目已陆续投入运行，年产60万吨纯碱扩建和8万吨硝盐扩建项目现在相继进入试生产阶段。
海化集团通过开展招商引资、争取银行贷款、发动员工募股、企业自有资金投入等多种渠道筹集资金上项目，使投入逐年攀升。
最近，海化集团年产60万吨纯碱扩建项目又正式试车了。项目投资7亿多元，采用山东海化股份有限公司自主开发的液相水合法新工艺，以出口为主的低盐优质重碱比例达70%以上，产品结构进一步优化，市场竞争力大大提高。而如果新建一个同等规模的纯碱厂，最少需要投资15亿元。花7亿元钱，办15亿元钱的事，听上去有点不可思议，但海化这两年搞投入，却笔笔是这样的得意之作。
海化原来有一个投资6000多万元的硝盐项目，由于投资大、成本高，经济效益不甚理想。他们投资630万元，采用国际上的最新技术，实施了5万吨改8万吨工程，只用相当于原来投资1/10的资金投入，就成功增加了60%的产量，产品远销美国、韩国等10多个国家，企业一下子打了翻身仗。
目前,正处在试车阶段的年产8万吨硝盐扩建项目，达产后每年可消化散装纯碱12万吨，不仅成为海化纯碱的最大用户，有效缓解纯碱的销售压力，而且企业内部每年增值1亿多元。
令海化人欣慰的是，3年来新上项目20多个，个个成功，且全都达到了科技含量高、规模优势明显、带动作用强的预期效果。
现在，海化人又把眼光瞄向了今年的大项目：投资20多亿元，进行老碱厂的改造、新碱厂的配套完善、10万吨氯碱、10万吨PVC、热电三期工程新上5万千瓦机组、薛城焦化的50万吨焦炭等一批过亿元的项目。
从“一碱独大”到“三足鼎立”
过去一提海化集团的产品，人们能想到的就是盐、碱、溴。盐场晒盐，碱厂再用盐生产纯碱。去年纯碱价格大幅下滑，较往年平均每吨下跌110多元。因纯碱价格因素影响，海化集团减少利润1.5亿元。
纯碱市场行情变化有一个马鞍形曲线。如果单一产业，产品价格进入低谷时，企业效益便不可避免地跌入低谷，甚至濒临倒闭的危险，抗风险能力差。
如何把“看家”本领练得更强，海化人这些年真动了不少心思。目前，集团已形成了盐碱系列、溴及溴化物系列、苦卤化工等高度关联、互为依托、滚动增值的产业链，产业体系日臻完善。为做大做强海洋化工，他们又将建设氯碱及氯深加工等一批投资过5亿元的大项目，到2005年，海洋化工产业销售收入有望突破40亿元，产业集群效应将进一步凸显。
2000年，海化集团在煤化工产业领域，只有一个年产20多万吨焦炭的潍坊振兴焦化公司，主要为纯碱厂提供焦炭。2002年8月，他们审时度势，收购了具有年产30万吨焦炭能力的薛城焦化厂。根据对产业发展趋势的科学研判，又在不到一年的时间内，集团果断地在两个焦化厂各扩建了40万吨焦炭；去年9月，又有一座年产50万吨的焦炉在薛焦破土动工。今年，海化集团的焦炭生产能力将达到200万吨。此外，海化在煤化工领域还具备了年产30万吨尿素、7万吨三聚氰胺、20万吨生铁的能力。按发展规划，海化将以焦炭为基础，以煤化工产品为方向，努力发展精深加工，积极搞好相关配套，不断拉伸产业价值链，到2005年，煤化工产业力争实现销售收入30亿元。煤化工正成为海化集团一大支柱产业。
外与石化巨头挂钩，内与海洋化工关联，大力发展石油化工，是海化集团的另一个重要的产业调整战略。海化原有一个进行渣油深加工的石油化工厂，拥有专有技术，但年加工能力只有15万吨。海化集团的决策者根据国家鼓励大力发展能源工业的产业政策，本着放大拉长优势的原则，去年投资2．5亿元，上马了40万吨重油综合利用项目，目前已顺利投入生产。
如今的海化集团，已经初步形成了盐化工、煤化工、石油化工三大产业三足鼎立，热力电力、第三产业、建筑建材及房地产、化工机械、精细化工五大辅业配套服务的产业发展格局。
资本运营与招商引资两翼齐飞
“资本运营是加快企业发展的高级阶段。没有资本运营的大突破，就难以实现企业的超常规、跳跃式发展。把资本运营的着力点放在招商引资上，以大招商促进大开放、大发展。”肖庆周形象地把“资本运营”和“招商引资”比作加快企业发展的两个翅膀。
近几年，海化集团始终把搞好资本运营、实施低成本扩张作为招商引资、加快企业发展的重要措施来抓，取得了明显效果，充分发挥上市公司的融资功能，2001年成功地实施配股募集资金3.87亿元，成为山东省第一家当年获准配股的企业。为实现资本运营的新突破，目前正在积极争取海化股份公司在年内发行可转换债券，预计融资10亿元左右；下一步将重点做好深圳欣康数码公司和两个焦化公司的整合上市工作，力争近两年内再有1至2只股票上市。同时，海化集团还抓住机遇，发挥资金、产业、管理等方面的优势，积极稳妥地实施低成本扩张，2002年8月采取职工入股形式募集资金1500万元，跨地区成功收购了原枣庄薛城焦化厂。海化集团进驻薛焦后，移植先进的管理经验，注入健康向上的企业文化，抓住市场机遇搞技改上项目，使企业迈入快速发展轨道，去年实现利润近亿元。
海化集团还把资本运营的着力点放在招商引资上，以大招商促进大开放、大发展。目前，集团与以色列死海溴集团合资开发的溴化物项目已投入生产，项目总投资3亿美元，一期工程投资3000万美元，共同开发8种产品，项目投运后，不仅可使中国的溴化物生产技术达到世界先进水平，进一步扩大出口创汇，而且对整个中国海洋化工高新产业及其相关产业的发展，都将起到重要的推动作用。在与以色列死海溴集团、日本伊藤忠等企业合资合作的同时，今后还将瞄准世界500强企业搞招商引资，积极吸引外商投资，重点抓好一批带动作用强的“大、高、外”项目的合资合作。
同时集团还积极地走出去，以国际市场需求为导向，加大产品结构调整力度，使产品上质量、上档次，为产品出口创造条件，整合集团外经贸业务，建立全球化的市场销售网络，加强与跨国公司及实力较强的国外企业的联系，与其建立合作关系，成为其销售专卖点。通过在国外建厂办点，把技术成熟、市场前景好的产品推向国外，以推动技术、设备出口；并通过收购、兼并、参股等方式，把市场前景好、附加值高的企业建成产品出口基地，进一步扩大出口范围和数量。
目前，海化集团生产的40种主要产品中，已有30多种产品出口40多个国家和地区，完成进出口总额1．27亿美元，其中出口创汇突破了1亿美元，分别比去年增长87%和103%，初步形成了多品种出口、全方位创汇的新格局，成为全国最大的现代化海洋化工产品生产和出口创汇基地。
编织崭新的生态工业“互联网”
海化集团制碱每年产生800多万吨蒸氨废清液、废渣，制盐每年剩余100多万吨苦卤，仅是盐碱一个产业链条上产生的这些“废弃物”， 如果直接排海，渤海莱州湾南岸的潍坊近海势必成为一片“白滩”，海洋生物将荡然无存。
为吃掉这些“废弃物”，海化集团建设了蒸氨废清液兑卤晒盐工程，每年不但能消化废清液300多万吨，创造了世界制碱史上蒸氨废清液不排海的先例，而且还能晒盐10多万吨。他们还投资建设了以蒸氨废清液为原料的氯化钙项目，每年消化废液200多万吨，生产氯化钙12万吨，产品70%以上出口。“废弃物”不但不再是污染环境的元凶，还摇身一变成了赚大钱的“宝贝”。随着纯碱的不断扩产，产生的废液也相应增加，为消化新增废液，海化集团又着手扩建30万吨/年氯化钙项目。项目建成投产后，不仅能实现蒸氨废清液零排放，而且会大大提高蒸氨废清液利用率。
肖庆周认为，在海化每上一个项目，决策者首先考虑的是兼顾“前后左右”的关系，产品能否和上下游产品接续成链，能否和关联产品复合成网，资源能否实现综合利用直到“吃干榨尽”。 目前，海化集团海洋化工产业形成了溴系列、纯碱系列、苦卤化工系列、精细化工系列高度关联、互为依托、精深加工、滚动增值的生态工业“互联网”。
在这张“网”内，原盐是纯碱工业的原料，海化开发区纯碱生产能力已达200万吨，每年可消化原盐300多万吨；以纯碱为原料，海化又深加工生产小苏打、硝盐、泡花碱等，每年可消化纯碱20多万吨；以制碱废液为原料生产氯化钙、氯化钠；以制盐苦卤为原料生产硫酸钾、氯化镁、氢氧化镁等；以溴素为原料生产系列灭火剂、氢溴酸、十溴二苯醚、溴化钾等溴化物产品。
生态工业“互联网”的建立，让偌大一个化工城不但对环境基本没有造成污染，而且使资源得以综合利用，经济效益大幅度提高，实现了经济发展和环境保护“同生共赢”。中科院院士李文华、著名生态学家马传栋教授等到海化实地考察后认为，海化自觉运用生态经济原则，实现了废弃物在区域内闭路循环和废料的全部资源化，建立了一种区域内的工业生态经济平衡，大大提高了资源的集约化利用程度和生态经济综合效益，堪称全国乃至世界发展循环经济的典范。
到2010年，海化销售收入将达到200亿元。一座气势恢弘的现代生态海洋化工新城，正在广阔的渤海莱州湾南岸巍然崛起。
Nowadays, whoever visits the Shandong Haihua Group (SHG) will find a prosperous scene of busy construction spots and flourishing factories, all of which reveal a powerful “industrial group” rising on the land.
The year 2003 witnessed an extraordinary “great leap forward” development of SHG. Under the disadvantageous conditions that the price of its dominant product (soda ash) reduced by a great margin while the prices of raw materials increased by a large margin, SHG still turned over revenues of 5.38 billion yuan, taxes of 650 million yuan, and profits of 370 million yuan, increasing by 59.1%, 73.1%, and 149.1% over the previous year, respectively.
According to current provincial guidelines to develop new-type industries, SHG has energetically increased its investment and adjusted and optimized its industrial structures, which has resulted in sustainable development.
“To work in an enterprise, the consciousness of responsibility and risk should be higher than any other thing. Nothing will tolerate your carelessness and laziness,” said Xiao Qingzhou, Chairman of the Board of Directors and President of SHG.
This extraordinary great leap forward development of SHG, first of all, arises from the large amount of investments, especially the many new invested projects. Among the invested projects last year, more than 10 are with an investment scale of more than 100 million yuan. Thus far, quite a few of these have already commenced operations; among these are the comprehensive utilization of 400,000 tons of heavy oil, 400,000 tons of coke furnace, 24,000 tons of trimeric cyanamide, and 600,000 carbon dioxide extinguisher bottle bodies. In addition, there are the second phase extension of the thermal power plant and the joint-funded bromide project. The extension projects for annual production of 600,000 tons of soda ash and 80,000 tons of nitrate have been initiated as experimental operations.
For SHG, the increasing of investment is an important measure to seek survival and development. At the end of the 1990s, a wave of mergers surged among Chinese SOEs (state-owned enterprises). As a result, SHG incurred heavy burdens: accepting 20 enterprises that had already stopped production or stopped half production as well as 14,800 employees from the Building Materials Company and the Chemical Industry Company, which led to over-employment and low efficiency. At that time, SHG had to pay the salaries of nearly 27,000 employees with loans from banks. The low operation quality and returns at that time resulted in a 1.2 billion loss and way too many non-performing assets.
Luckily, the 20 newly invested projects over the past three years have all succeeded, turning out the expected goals of high content of science and technology, outstanding scale advantages, and powerful promotion functions.
Nowadays, SHG is energetically engaged in large projects for this year. Through investing more than two billion yuan, SHG is transforming the heavy soda ash production of the old soda ash factory, improving the supportive facilities of the new soda ash factory, and going ahead with the project of 10,000 tons of chlorine alkali, the project of 10,000 tons of PVC, the construction of 50MW power generation sets of the third phase of the thermal power plant, and the 50 tons of coke project of Xuecheng Coke Plant, each of which will require an investment of more than 100 million yuan.
In the past, when mentioning the products of SHG, people would think of salt, alkali, and bromine. The saltworks make salt, and the alkalin factory produces soda ash with salt. Last year, since the price of soda ash dropped by a large margin, compared with the previous year, the price of each ton of soda ash reduced more than 110 yuan, which made the profits of SHG fall sharply by 150 million yuan.
The price changes in the soda ash market present a trough curve. When the price is at the bottom, the returns of the enterprises, inevitably, will fall into the bottom, even incurring the danger of bankruptcy.
“Last year, even under these disadvantageous conditions, SHG realized a rapid and coordinated development. This happy result arises from the adjustment of industrial patterns over the previous year,” said Xiao. “As a direct result of adjustment over the previous years, SHG, while involved in its dominant industry (i.e., ocean chemicals), according to its own actual status, has oriented itself to the international and domestic development trend and marketing demands, and has gradually expanded its business scope to include coal chemicals and petrochemicals and is now making every effort to develop them into additional dominant industries.”
Cultivating cooperation with international petrochemical magnates and domestic ocean chemical enterprises to develop the petrochemical industry is another important strategy for SHG to adjust its industrial structure. Previously, SHG had a petrochemical factory engaged in the intensive processing of non-distillate oil. Though possessing professional technologies, this factory only had the annual ability to process 150,000 tons of oil. Therefore, in the previous year, in accordance with relevant state policies that encourage the development of energy resources, the decision-makers of SHG decided to invest 250 million yuan in constructing a plant to process 400,000 tons of heavy oil. At present, the project has been smoothly commenced; and when fully put into operation, this project can increase sales turnover by 800 million yuan every year. Moreover, by relying on the expansion ability of the petrochemical industry, the factory makes it integrated with the ocean chemical industry. The ethane and propane produced by the intensive processing of non-distillate oil, integrated with the chlorine gas produced by the ocean chemical production of chlorine alkali, will produce polychlorovinyl. By 2005, the sales turnover of petrochemicals will hit more than two billion yuan.
Today’s SHG has formed an industrial pattern supported by three dominant industries (salt, coal, and petrochemicals) as the pillars, and five industries as auxiliary supports. The latter include thermal and electric power, tertiary industry, building materials and real estate, chemical industry machinery, and fine chemicals.
SHG lays the emphasis concerning capital operation on attracting overseas investment to accelerate the opening-up and large-scale development. At present, the bromide project jointly funded by SHG and the Dead Sea Bromine Group (DSBG) of Israel has been put into operation. The total investment of this project is 300 million US dollars. In the first phase of engineering, an investment of 30 million US dollars will develop eight kinds of products. After the whole project is put into operation, it will not only make China’s production technologies of bromide reach world advanced level status and earn more foreign currency through export, but also will greatly promote the hi-tech of China’s ocean chemical industry and related industries.
While developing cooperation with DSBG and Itochu Corp. of Japan, SHG is also making every effort to develop cooperation with the world top 500 corporations with a view toward establishing a group of hi-tech joint-ventures. In the previous year, SHG signed 25 agreements on cooperation inclinations and 17 contracts on cooperation, which totaled 970 million yuan of potential investment. Thus far, 320 million yuan have already been invested, and this has energetically promoted the sustained and rapid development of SHG.
At present, among the 40 kinds of major products produced by SHG, more than 30 are exported to more than 40 countries and regions, turning over import and export volume of 127 million US dollars, among which the turnover of export volume is over 100 million US dollars, increasing by 87% and 103% over the previous year, respectively, which turn SHG into the largest modernized base for production and exportation of ocean chemical products nationwide.
During the course of alkali production, SHG can turn out more than eight million tons of waste ammonia liquid and residues every year. During the course of salt production, more than one million tons of halogen is left over every year. If these waste liquids and residues are directly put into the sea, the offshore of the southern Laizhou Bay of the Bohai Sea will be polluted, destroying the survival environment of marine animals.
In order to process these waste residues, SHG specially sets up a factory to process the water products, which not only prevents the waste products from being put into the sea, but also produces more than 100,000 tons of salt every year. Besides, SHG has invested in the setup of a project to produce calcium chloride with waste ammonia liquid, which can process more than two million tons of waste liquid and produce 120,000 tons of calcium chloride every year, 70% of which is exported. With the constant expansion of soda ash production, the volume of waste liquid is accordingly increased.