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正畸患者治疗难度、改善程度及客观治疗需要的评价

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[摘要]目的用正畸治疗难度、结果、需要指数(ICON)评价患者治疗难度,客观治疗需要,以及治疗前后的改善程度。方法随机选取16岁以上的患者114例,用ICON评价治疗前的石膏模型,分析正畸治疗难度和客观治疗需要;随机选取矫治完成的患者20例,用ICON为治疗前后的模型评分,评价错畸形的改善程度。结果正畸治疗难度方面,“容易”的占11.4%,“较容易”的占22.8%,“中等”的占18.4%,“困难”的占25.4%,“非常困难”的占22.0%;治疗需要方面,不需要的占28.9%,需要的占71.1%;改善程度方面,“很大”的占75.0%,“较大”的占20.0%,“中等程度”的占5.0%,“轻微改善”和“没有改善或更糟”者均为0例。结论近一半的正畸患者治疗难度较大;就诊的患者中有过度治疗现象;绝大部分患者能得到满意的治疗效果。

[关键词]错畸形;指数;正畸治疗难度、结果、需要指数

[中图分类号]R 783.5[文献标志码]A[doi]10.3969/j.issn.1673-5749.2012.06.007

Assessment of orthodontic treatment complexity, outcome and objective treatment needTang Yi1, Shao Yuanchun2, Guo Jing1.(1. Dept. of Stomatology, The Fifth Hospital of Chengdu in Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China; 2. Dept. of Stomatology, Heze Medical College, Heze 274000, China; 3. Dept. of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

[Abstract]ObjectiveTo assess the orthodontic treatment complexity, degree of improvement and objective treatment need of patients by using the index of complexity, outcome and need(ICON). Methods114 cases were randomly selected from Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University. The ICON was used to assess the pre-treatment study models for orthodontic treatment need and complexity for the cases. 20 pairs pre- and post-treatment study models were randomly selected. The ICON was used to assess the pre- and post-treatment study models for orthodontic treatment outcome and treatment improvement. ResultsIn treatment complexity, there were 13(11.4%)cases was easy, 26(22.8%)cases was mild, 21(18.4%)cases was moderate, 29(25.4%)cases was difficult, 25(22.0%)cases was very difficult in 114 cases. There were 33(28.9%)cases did not need treatment, while 81(71.1%)cases needed treatment in 114 cases. In treatment outcome, there were 15(75.0%)cases had“greatly improved”, 4(20.0%)cases had“substantially improved”, 1(5.0%)case had“moderately improved”, while there was no patient had“minimally improved”and“not improved or worse”. ConclusionMost patients were difficult to orthodontic treatment. There were partly over-treatment patients. The orthodontic treatment outcome of most patients were satisfied.

[Key words]malocclusion;occlusal index;index of complexity, outcome and need指数(indexof orthodontic treatment complexity,outcome and need,ICON)[1]可用于评价患者的治疗需要、治疗难度、改善程度以及治疗结果的可接受度。它综合了正畸治疗需要指数(index of orthodontic treatment need,IOTN)[2]和治疗标准指数(peer assessment rating,PAR)[3]的特征,对患者和模型进行评价,适用于临床管理、统计分析、研究以及治疗计划的制定。一般认为,该指数适用于替牙列晚期及恒牙列期[4]。本研究使用ICON

3.4ICON的临床意义

尽管ICON存在不足,但作为一个单一的指数能全面评价正畸治疗难度、客观治疗需要、改善程度以及可接受度,而且操作简单,省时省力,在发达国家仍被广泛应用。Louwerse等[7]的研究指出在荷兰界定是否需要正畸治疗的ICON分值为52分,而不是国际公认的43分,那么在中国该界定值是否定为43分或其他分值尚需要进一步验证。

在评价正畸治疗需要时,ICON通过美观的评价来评估错畸形可能造成的心理影响,但没有明确的进行心理方面的评估。虽然许多学者就ICON与患者对错畸形的自我感觉进行了相关性分析,但是关于错畸形对患者造成的心理影响与正畸治疗需要的相关性分析的研究较少见,而一个全面的正畸治疗需要评价应该是从生物、社会、心理三方面来进行的。

在中国现有口腔正畸医师资源不足而正畸意识不断提升的情况下,如果能合理地利用ICON,将有助于指导有限的医疗资源分配,最大限度地满足人们对正畸治疗地需求。同时,也有助于正畸医师对每个患者存在的错畸形进行客观地评价、正确地诊断,制定缜密的矫治计划,以达到平衡、稳定、美观、健康的矫治目标。另外,患者主体意识加强也需要有一个全面的、客观的指数来评价,以促进医患沟通和规避风险。因此,ICON的广泛应用将对中国正畸临床治疗学的发展