小新笔记(10月10日)

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while的三个常见意思：

（1）当……时（从句中的谓语必须是延续性动词）

The teacher came in, while we were talking.

（2）然而（用于对比两件事物）

He is good at math, while his sister is good at literature. 他数学好，而他姐姐文学好。

（3）虽然，尽管（引导让步状语从句，一般置句首）

While I like the color of the hat, I don’t like its shape.我虽然喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但不喜欢它的形状。

On a personal note, I support this view.

误译：在自己的笔记上，我支持这个观点。

其实这里出现了note的一个惯用表达。“On a personal note”的解释是“就个人而言”。

在音乐中note意指音调，若意义延伸到人，就有“口气、调子”的意思，所以上句是在以自己的口气陈述观点。又如，on a more serious note，指更严格地讲。

此外，类似表达个人观点的短语还有personally, as for me, on my part, in my opinion, from my point of view, as far as I am concerned。

介词than常用于比较事物，若与不同副词搭配，意义大不同。

more than 多于

rather than (instead of) 而不是

other than (except) 除……以外

例如：I have known Megan for more than ten years. 我认识梅根已有十年之久。

It is I, rather than he, who am going to Shanghai. 是我要去上海，而不是他。

She has no close friends other than her roommate. 除了她的室友，她在这儿没其他好朋友了。

I can’t agree you more.

误译：我更不能同意你了。

正解：我非常同意你。

否定词never / no / not / nothing等与比较级连用，往往可以表达最高级的含义。

例如：

—You really enjoy the party, don’t you? 你很享受这场聚会，是吗？

—Yes, nothing can be better. 是的，再没有比这更好的了。

He said he had never watched a more exciting game before. 他说这是他看过的最激动人心的比赛了。

错题整理

1. （2012辽宁卷24） One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.

A. might B. could C. shall D. will

【解析】C。本句考查的是情态动词shall的基本用法：shall 用于一、三人称疑问句表示请求许可，用于二、三人称陈述句表示命令，威胁，许诺，警告，按规定必须做的事。

2. （2011陕西卷24） —Will you read me a story, Mummy?

—Ok, you have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

A. might B. must C. could D. shall

【解析】D。句意为：—妈妈，给我讲一个故事好吗？—好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉，我就给你讲一个。

3. （2012湖南卷29） Sorry, I am too busy now, If I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

A. have had B. had had C. have D. had

【解析】D。句意为：对不起，我现在太忙了，如果有时间的话我肯定跟你们一起去郊游。既然现在太忙，郊游是不可能的了。这是非真实条件句，对现在情况的虚拟从句谓语动词用过去式had。

【注意】If引导的非真实条件句分为三种情况：

1. 与现在事实相反地假设结构

从句：If + 主语 + 动词过去式（be动词用were），主句：主语 + should / would / could / might + v.。

2. 与过去事实相反地假设结构

从句：If + 主语 + had done，主句：主语+ should / would / could / might + have done。

例如：（2012陕西卷17）If my car had been more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. 如果我的车更好一些，去年夏天我就会开车而不是坐飞机去拉萨了。主句中would have driven表示对过去的虚拟及句中last summer，所以从句用过去完成时。

3. 与将来事实相反地假设结构

从句：If +主语 + 动词过去式（be动词用were） / were to do / should do，主句：主语+ should / would / could / might + 动词原形。

例如：（2012安徽卷） Grace doesn’t want to move to New York, because she thinks if she were to be there, she would not be able to see her parents very often. 葛瑞丝不想搬去纽约，因为她觉得如果她去那儿了，她就不能经常见到她的父母了。If引导的从句是对将来的虚拟。

【注意】 if引导的非真实条件句有时可以将if省略，把从句谓语动词were/had/should提到句首变成倒装句式。例如：Had they known what was coming next, they might have had second thought. 要是他们知道接下来会发生什么的话，他们就会再三考虑了。

（郑淑艳）