单项填空题的相似经典考点
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2013年高考英语试卷中的单项填空题可谓“百花齐放，争奇斗艳”，体现了高考命题者的匠心独运，令人大饱眼福。我们在研究了所有的试题后，发现有些试题的考点有着惊人的相似之处，和往年有些试题的考点也神似。研究高考试题，熟悉经典考点是备考的王道。本文以2013年的高考试题为主，结合往年的试题，从中精选10组考题，对比分析，归纳出相似经典考点，希望对同学们的复习有所帮助。
以下高考试题黑体选项为正确答案。
例1 （2013年高考安徽卷）_______ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
A. To found B. Founding
C. Founded D. Having founded
（2000年高考上海卷）_______ in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
【相似度】 两道题都是考查过去分词founded作状语。
例2 （2013年高考福建卷）_______ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known
C. Knowing D. Being known
（2013年高考浙江卷）_______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing
B. Hear
C. Having heard
D. To be hearing
【相似度】 两道题都是考查动名词短语作主语。
例3 （2013年高考浙江卷）There are some health problems that，when _______ in time，can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated
C. not to be treated D. not having been treated
（2013年高考江西卷）If _______ to look after luggage for someone else， inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask
C. asking D. having asked
【相似度】 两道题都是考查“连词 + 过去分词”的用法。连词后面直接接分词，可以看成省略了从句中作主语的代词和系动词。在浙江卷中，when not treated相当于when they are not treated；在江西卷中，if asked相当于 if you are asked。
例4 （2013年高考江西卷）He wrote a letter _______ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which C. where D. how
（2013年高考四川卷）Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _______ they live.
A. what B. which C. when D. where
【相似度】 两道题都是考查where引导的定语从句置于抽象地点名词之后的用法。抽象地点名词不是指具体地点的名词，但是可接where引导的定语从句。往年高考题考查过的类似名词有point，stage， situation，case等。在这两道题中，where均可改为in which。
例5 （2013年高考山东卷）There is no simple answer，_______ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that C. when D. where
（2013年高考陕西卷）_______ is often the case with children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It B. That C. What D. As
【相似度】 两道题都是考查as is often the case引导的非限制性定语从句。
例6 （2013年高考浙江卷）The children， _______ had played the whole day long， were worn out.
A. all of what B. all of which
C. all of them D. all of whom
（2011年高考湖南卷）Julia was good at German，French and Russian，all of _______ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
【相似度】 两道题都是考查“all + of whom / which”引导的非限制性定语从句。在浙江卷中，先行词children指人，因此选D；在湖南卷中，先行词“German，French and Russian”指物，因此选C。
例7 （2013年高考新课标Ⅰ卷）Police have found _______ appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A. which B. where C. how D. what
（2013年高考天津卷）_______ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What
【相似度】 两道题都是考查what引导的名词性从句。在新课标Ⅰ卷中，what引导的是宾语从句，在从句中作主语；在天津卷中，what引导的是主语从句，在从句中作宾语。
例8 （2013年高考陕西卷）It remains to be seen _______ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
（2002年高考全国卷）Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
【相似度】 两道题都是考查句型“It remains to be seen whether...”。在陕西卷中，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语；在全国卷中，it remains to be seen是英文的一个固定结构，表示“某事以后才知道”。
例9 （2013年高考新课标Ⅰ卷）If we _______ how to protect the environment，we’ll live to regret it.
A. hadn’t acted B. haven’t acted
C. don’t act D. won’t act
（2013年高考湖南卷）If nothing _______，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A. does B. had been done
C. will do D. is done
【相似度】 两道题都是考查if引导的条件状语从句的时态。这两道题中，if引导的条件状语从句都用一般现在时代替将来时，主句用将来时。此外，湖南卷还考查了被动语态的用法。
例10 （2013年高考湖南卷）Not once _______ to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
A. occurred it B. it did occur
C. it occurred D. did it occur
（2013年高考辽宁卷）At no time _______the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke
B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break
D. they had actually broken
【相似度】 两道题都是考查具有否定意义的副词或短语置于句首引起倒装的用法。在湖南卷中，not once相当于never，置于句首，需要倒装；在辽宁卷中，at no time置于句首，引起倒装。
（责任编校？筑彭益）