点击高考名词考查热点

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名词是英语中的基本词汇，也是高考中的重点和难点。纵观近年高考，名词考查可数名词和不可数名词、抽象名词的具体化、固定搭配、特定语境中名词词义的辨析等。现将其热点考点归纳如下：

热点一：名词与介词构成的固定搭配

【高考真题】

例1 （2011年四川卷）Always remember put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s___.

A. touch

B. sight

C. reach

D. distance

解析C out of one’s reach某人够不着；out of touch失去联系；out of sight看不见。

例2 （2009年福建卷）The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any___when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.

A. delay

B. effort

C. schedule

D. consideration

解析A 此处句中without any delay的意思是“毫不耽误地”。

例3 （2011年浙江卷）Anyway,I can’t cheat him―it’s against all my .

A. emotions

B. principles

C. regulations

D. opinions

解析B 此处be against one’s principles的意思是“违背某人的原则”。

【考点透视】

英语中，名词与介词或短语介词构成搭配，有的有特定的意思。如out of date意思是“过时”，on special occasions的意思是“在特定场合”等。

热点二：名词与动词构成的固定搭配

【高考真题】

例4 (2010年天津卷)James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.

A. room

B. area

C. field

D. position

解析A 此处句中make room for的意思是“为……腾地方”。

例5 (2009年天津卷)I’m trying to break the of getting up too late.

A. tradition

B. convenience

C. habit

D. leisure

解析C 此处句中break the habit of的意思是“破除……的习惯”。

It never will rain roses. When we want to have more roses we must plant trees.(G. Eliot)

例6 （2010年江苏卷）The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good .

A. expectation

B. reputation

C. contribution

D. civilization

解析B 此处句中have a good reputation的意思是“有一个好名声”。

【考点透视】

英语中，名词与动词构成搭配的现象较多，如take measures的意思是“采取措施”，take into consideration的意思是“考虑”，keep somebody company的意思是“陪伴某人”等。

热点三：特定语境中名词词义的辨析

【高考真题】

例7 （2011年江苏卷）Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional .

A. consequence

B. independence

C. competence

D. intelligence

解析C 此处句中professional competence的意思是“专业能力”。而consequence的意思是“结果，后果”， independence的意思是“独立”， intelligence的意思是“智慧”。

例8 （2011年山东卷）There’s a in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.

A. tradition

B. balance

C. concern

D. relationship

解析A 此处句子意思是“在我们办公室有一个传统……”。

例9 （2010年湖北卷）After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.

A. accommodation

B. occupation

C. equipment

D. furniture.

解析A 此处句子意思是“地方政府做的第一件事是为无家可归的家庭提供住宿（accommodation）”。而occupation 的意思是“职业”， equipment 的意思是“设备”， furniture的意思是“家具”。

【考点透视】

名词辨析要结合具体的语境，也要弄清四个词的词义。平时多积累一些类似的名词，多琢磨理解它们的意思。

热点四：考查名词所有格

【高考真题】

例10 （2009年江西卷）The___shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into___car.

A. girl’s; Tom’s

B. girls’; Toms’

C. girls’; Tom’s

D. girl’s; Toms’

解析C 此处句中后面的them就是指girls，复数名词的所有格在后加’。

【考点透视】

名词所有格在表示人名的名词后加“‘s”外，还可以在表示时间、距离、价格、地名等的名词后加“‘s”。复数名词的所有格在s后加“‘”。

热点五：在一些惯用法中考查名词

【高考真题】

例11 （2011年江西卷）What’s the , in your opinion, in helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?

A. sympathy

B. theme

C. object

D. point

解析D 此处what’s the point in doing something?表示“做……有何意义？”

【考点透视】

名词在一些句型结构中的用法较为固定，也有人称之为习惯用法。如：There is no doubt that….意思是“毫无疑问……”。It’s no wonder that…意思是“难怪……”等。

巩固练习

1. Since you’ve worked out the plan, you ought to put it into as soon as possible.

A. fact

B. reality

C. practice

D. deed

2. We volunteered to collect money and clothes to help the of the floodstriken area.

A. victims

B. folks

C. country

D. villagers

7. At that time, the little boy didn’t recognize the of the story and didn’t laugh.

A. subject

B. humor

C. intelligence

D. ability

3. All the people present burst into on seeing the funny actor appear on the stage.

A. laughing

B. laughter

C. interest

D. looks

4. Do you know the : “There is no smoke without fire?”

A. saying

B. thinking

C. taking

D. telling

5. You should keep the words and expressions in , because they are so important.

A. brain

B. heart

C. mind

D. head

6. Much to his , his father didn’t buy him a model plane this time.

A. inspiration

B. movement

C. excitement

D. disappointment

7. To tell you the truth, Li Ming is the only person I like to keep with.

A. firm

B. factory

C. company

D. shop

8. The famous film star has for the poor and often gives them money.

A. admiration

B. hunger

C. rudeness

D. sympathy

9. This book was originally written in of the 50th anniversary of Nanjing University.

A. need

B. hope

C. celebration

D. support

10. I’ve only talked with him on the phone, and judging from his , he must come from South America.

A. address

B. accident

C. accent

D. ambition

11. ―Does that make any ?

―Yes, it matters a great deal.

A. money

B. sense

C. difference

D. trouble

12. After the floods, all the people in our country have to raise about protecting the environment.

A. purpose

B. awareness

C. conflict

D. labor

13. The young man went on vacation in Beijing at his own last summer, visiting many places of interest.

A. price

B. cost

C. expense

D. pay

14. At last the manager asked his secretary to make a that they would send the goods on time.

A. commitment

B. sate

C. way

D. condition

15. He made the that they carry on their conversation in Japanese.

A. debate

B. suggestion

C. atmosphere

D. figure

16. ―When is the new law to come into ?

―On Jan. 1 next year.

A. effort

B. measure

C. effect

D. use

22. I have a 12yearold daughter who has a(n) for singing.

A. interest

B. present

C. gift

D. dilemma

17. What the expert has said and done will be of to the department managers.

A. tissue

B. organ

C. benefit

D. praise

18. In the last five years, scientists have made a great in the treatment of AIDS.

A. comment

B. cell

C. concept

D. breakthrough

19. The of the sports men taking part in the sports meet come from the remote areas.

A. most

B. amount

C. majority

D. number

20. At the of the manager, the workers plan to hold a party to celebrate the sucess.

A. approval

B. agreement

C. objection

D. appointment

21. Many stores have a delivery service for the of customers.

A. time

B. favor

C. convenience

D. degree

22. Take it easy. You must have in your own ability.

A. faith

B. honesty

C. development

D. patent

23. If we focus too much on the , we will not win the market.

A. profit

B. record

C. conference

D. brand

24. Kitty gave me the jewellery as a that she would repay me the money she borrowed.

A. protection

B. repair

C. guarantee

D. sale

参考答案

CAAC 21-24

CCDCA16-20

CBCAB11-15

DCDCC6-10

CABAC1-5

（作者：黄月萍，盐城市东台市教研室）