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动名词(动词原形+-ing)是非谓语动词的主要形式之一。本文拟从动名词的主要语法功能及主要中考考点入手,对动名词的用法进行归纳。
一、动名词的主要语法功能
1. 作主语。动名词(短语)在句中可用作主语,但谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
Getting up early is good for your health. 早起有益于你的身体健康。
Finding a job is difficult these days. 现在找份工作不容易。
2. 作表语。动名词在句中作表语时,句子的主语通常是表示无生命的事物的名词或以what引导的名词性从句。如:
His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。
What he likes most is playing computer games. 他最喜欢做的事情是玩电脑游戏。
【温馨提示】
作表语用的动名词通常与主语是对等的关系,说明主语的内容。这时主语和表语可以互换位置,意思仍然说得通。表示进行时态的现在分词以及作表语的现在分词不能与主语调换位置。如:
Your task is cleaning the windows.=Cleaning the windows is your task. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
Her hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is her hobby. 集邮是她的爱好。
They are having a meeting at the moment. 他们此刻正在开会。(表示动作正在进行,现在分词不能与主语调换位置。)
The news was disappointing. 这消息令人失望。(现在分词作表语,不能与主语调换位置。)
3. 作宾语。某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词主要有finish,enjoy,mind,advise,keep,practice,miss,suggest,consider,imagine等。如:
I finished reading the book last night.
They are practicing singing a new song.
My mother enjoys going for a walk after supper.
二、动名词的主要中考考点
1. 考查动名词作主语
动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、经验或者习惯性的行为。
【中考真题】
1)_____ in the rain under an umbrella is really cool,isn’t it?(2009年长沙卷)
A. Walking B. To walk C. Walk
2) Climbing hills _____ of great help to our health. (2010年十堰卷)
A. was B. were C. is D. are
2. 考查动名词作动词的宾语
初中阶段,主要考查finish,enjoy,mind,keep与practice等词后面要用动名词作宾语。
【中考真题】
3) Would you mind _____ me how _____ English words? (2011年岳阳卷)
A. tell;to remember B. telling;remember
C. telling;to remember
4) —What do you usually do at weekends?
—I often practice _____ English. (2011年广安卷)
A. speak B. to speak C. speaking
5) May I have a rest? I have already finished _____ the report. (2011年广州卷)
A. write B. writing C. to write D. written
6) Most of the young people enjoy _____ Jay Chou’s songs. (2010年莱芜卷)
A. sing B. sang C. singing D. to sing
3. 考查动名词在某些句型或短语中作宾语
某些句型或短语中只能接动名词作宾语,而不能接不定式,常见的有:
What(How) about doing sth.? / feel like doing sth.
give up doing sth. / depend on doing sth.
think about doing sth. / care about doing sth.
spend ...(in) doing sth. / stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth. / have fun (in) doing sth.
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
be afraid of doing sth. / be fond of doing sth.
be interested in doing sth. / be proud of doing sth.