65例学生自杀行为原因分析

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摘 要 目的：通过对学生自杀行为的调查与评估，分析学生自杀行为的原因。方法：本项调查使用自编的自杀行为调查登记表，对自杀未遂者和其家属，或者其他求助者与陪同者进行逐项询问并登记，内容包括学生自杀行为的基本信息和相关因素。结果：65名学生中，男性25例（38.5%），女性40例（61.5%），本次自杀时年龄12～35岁，本次自杀平均年龄为（19.56±15.24）岁。18例（27.7%）诊断为精神疾病，59例(90.7％)在本次自杀前1个月遭遇了明显的生活事件和心理应激，跳楼和服用药物及其他化学物质是最常见的自杀方法，分别占49.2％和23.1％。结论：精神疾病依然是学校学生自杀行为最常见的危险因素，学生自杀前遭遇的生活事件和心理应激是诱发学生自杀的主要因素。建议学校加强对学生的心理健康教育，提高学生的心理健康水平。发现有自杀企图的学生，应及时进行心理疏导，降低学生自杀率。

关键词 学校学生 自杀行为 自杀未遂 自杀干预

中图分类号：R395.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2012）16-0047-04

Analysis of the suicidal behavior reasons for 65 students

SHAN Huai-hai1, LI Guorui2, LI Zheng-yun3

(1. Mental Health Centre of Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232; 2.Department of psychology of East China Normal University,

Shanghai, 200062; 3.Department of psychology of Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234)

ABSTRACT Objective: This is a preliminary survey whose aim is to assess and analyze the causes of the student suicide behavior. Method: The self-designed survey registration form of suicide behavior for the students was used to interview all the attempted suicide students and their family members, or other callers and escorts item by item and register all the information. The content included the basic information and related factors of student suicidal behavior. Result: Total of 65 cases: 40 cases（61.5%）were female，25 cases（38.5%） male. The suicidal age was from 12-35 years old. The mean age of the suicide in this survey was 19.56±15.24 years. 18 cases (27.7%) were diagnosed as mental disorders. The 59 cases (90.7％) were encountered by the significant life events and the psychological stress before the suicide behavior occurred a month ago. Jumping from high places, ingesting drugs or other chemical substances were the main methods for the suicide, which accounted for 49.2% and 23.1% respectively. Conclusion: The mental disorders were still the common risk factors of the suicide behavior for the students. The significant life events encountered and the psychological stress which induced suicide were the main factors. We suggest that the schools should strengthen the psychological health education to the students to enhance the student psychological health levels. If anyone finds the student attempting suicide, the psychological counseling should be provided without delay to reduce the student suicide rate.

KEYWORDS school students; suicidal behavior; attempted suicide; suicide intervention

据世界卫生组织统计，自杀是目前人类第4大死亡原因。随着我国改革开放各种文化思潮和生活方式的涌入，我国的自杀率也有明显的上升。据2000年WHO-中国精神卫生高层动员会传出的消息，我国的自杀率在上世纪90年代中期已经达到22.20/10万，较70年代的18.40/10万有明显增长[1]。近年来，我国学校学生自杀事件的经常发生引起了社会各界的高度关注，特别是我国教育部门和各地学校越来越重视学生自杀的现象，探讨学生自杀行为的原因已经成为教育部门的重要课题。有研究认为，学校学生的自杀行为除了与心理健康状况有明显的关系，还与在校学生的学习压力、教育方法、家庭教育和就业压力有关。因此，对学校学生自杀行为的原因进行分析与探讨，对于提高当代学校学生的心理健康水平和预防自杀具有重要的现实意义。