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合肥工业大学 常韦娜 译
[引言]
“长颈女这样的美,太沉重,重到喘不过气。”从孩童时代就要戴这些沉重的铜圈,用沉重的铜圈压迫她们的肩颈,让她们成为稀有民族,成为观光景点,成了赚钱的工具。在全世界高呼妇女解放的今天,在越来越多的妇女走出束缚,选择自由独立地过自己的新生活的时代,仍然有这种歧视女人、把女人当成工具一样利用的事情发生,的确让我们汗颜。且不说要求“女尊男卑”的激进女权的主张,至少,让一个女人能够选择自己想要的生活,让一个女人能享受更多的生存权、发展权,让一个女人在社会生活里占有更加优势的位置吧!
For generations, ethnic Padaung women from Myanmar have worn brass neck rings as a mark of beauty and cultural pride. From girlhood, coils are added over time, gradually pushing down the collarbone and ribs. The shoulders slop dramatically, making the neck appear longer. Now some women are rejecting the rings because the tradition has trapped them in what critics call “human zoos”―mock villages, many of them in Thailand’s Mae Hong Son Province, where tourists buy tickets for a glimpse of exotic “giraffe women”. Girls in these places do not attend school. If they move to a refugee camp, they get an education, but opportunities to earn money―or leave the country―are limited. Local businesses profit from the tourist traffic, and some Padaung women welcome the modest income. Is this economic empowerment, then, or exploitation? “It depends whether these women are coerced,” says National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Wade Davis. For Thailand’s Padaung women, the choice is very narrow.
来自于缅甸勃奥族的妇女世世代代以来都佩戴象征美丽和文化自尊的黄铜颈环。从少女时代开始,她们佩戴颈环的数量随着年龄的增长而增多,久而久之,压迫锁骨和肋骨,造成肩部倾斜,从而拉伸了脖子的长度。这种传统使她们被冠上“人类动物园”的绰号,这样的称呼是对泰国美丰颂省的村民的嘲弄,所以现代有些女性拒绝佩戴颈环。在泰国美丰颂省,有许多游客买票观看奇异的“长颈女”。这里的女孩不能上学读书。如果她们搬到难民营居住,就可以接受教育,但是挣钱和离开本土的机会非常有限。当地商业机构从旅游业中获得了很大的利润,但是一些勃奥族妇女欣然接受低收入。这是经济许可还是经济剥削?“这取决于那些妇女是不是被强迫的。”国家地理协会驻当地专家韦德・戴维斯这么说。对于勃奥族妇女来说,没有选择的余地。