巧用数学集合知“多少”
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本文通过高中数学的集合概念对诸如many， a great number of， a lot of， a large amount of， a large quantity of 等表示数量的修饰名词的短语进行梳理以便考生脑海中有一个清晰的轮廓。
【形象归类】
修饰可数名词的量词集合与修饰不可数名词的量词集合相交便得可修饰两者的量词集合。
修饰可数名词：
many， few， a few， a great number of， a good/ great many
修饰可数、不可数名词：
a lot of， lots of， plenty of， a large quantity of， large quantities of
修饰不可数名词：
much， little， a little， a great deal of， a large amount of
【重点突破】
1.主谓一致
① a quantity of后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词。在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词通常视of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。
② quantities of后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词，后面的谓语都用复数形式。
A large quantity of cotton was sent here.
Large quantities of cotton were sent here.
类似的结构如：a large amount of修饰不可数名词，后谓语动词用单数； large amounts of修饰不可数名词，谓语是复数。
A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
2.易混辨析
a number of & the number of （修饰可数名词）
The number of the people invited was fifty， but a number of them were not seen at the meeting. 参加会议的是50人，但是有一些人没有出席会议。
an amount of & the amount of（修饰不可数名词）
An amount of coal has been carried there. And the amount of it isn’t clear. 一些煤已经被运往那里，具体的数量还不清楚。
【试题展示】
1. ——Why does the Lake smell terrible？
——Because large quantities of water .
A. have polluted
B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted
D. have been polluted
【答案】D 考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，即用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用复数，所以选D。
2. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities rising steadily since1997.
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
【答案】C 主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态。
3. Large quantities of cotton shipped all over the world already while a large quantity of bamboo baskets going to be exported to some western countries.
A. have been； is
B. has been； are
C. have been； are
D. has been； is
【答案】C 大量的棉花已经被船运到世界各地，而大量的竹篮将要被出口到一些西方国家。本句是一个并列句，第一个简单句主语是large quantities of cotton，其中心词是quantities是复数，谓语动词要用复数。While表转折，第二个简单句主语a large quantity of bamboo baskets的中心词是bamboo baskets因此谓语动词也要用复数。
4. The number of foreign experts who working in this city reached 120 since 1999.
A. is； has B. has； is
C. are； have D. are； has
【答案】D 本题考查定语从句和主谓一致。定语从句who working in this city来修饰先行词foreign experts， 主句主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1999所以用完成时态。
【现场练兵】
1. ——There is no doubt that it is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day.
——I can’t agree more.
A. few； much
B. few； many
C. little； much
D. little； many
2. It was Jack that spent money in building his new garden last year.
A. a great deal
B. a good deal of
C. the number of
D. a large number of
3. He possesses books about computers， most of which are written in French.
A. plenty of
B. large amounts of
C. a great deal of
D. a large amount of
4. Believe it or not， increases every year as natural habitats disappear.
A. The amount of endangered species
B. The quantity of endangering species
C. The number of endangered species
D. The majority of endangering species
5. ——It’s said that number of volunteers are assisting those people living in the earthquake-hit area.
——Yes， number of volunteers is surprising.
A. a； the B. a； a
C. the； the D. the； a
6. He was too hungry， so he ate in the evening.
A. plenty of B. a lot of
C. many D. a lot
7. As a result of destroying the forests， a large of desert covered the land.
A. number； has
B. quantity； has
C. number； have
D. quantity； have
8. Many a man swimming in the river， but only can swim across it.
A. go； a few
B. goes； a few
C. go； few
D. goes； few
Key：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.B
（作者单位：山东省泰安市东平高级中学）