开篇:润墨网以专业的文秘视角,为您筛选了一篇巧记英语单词前缀和后缀范文,如需获取更多写作素材,在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享!
[摘 要]利用“自然现象法”“二分法”、“数字法”等巧记单词前缀;把英语常见单词后缀分成五部并分析归纳记忆。
[关键词]“自然现象法” “二分法” “数字法” a部 e部 i部 o部 l(u)部
一、巧记前缀
1.利用自然现象记前缀
1)空(aero-) 例如: areoplane , aerobat , aerobatic , aerobody
2)日(helio-) heliocentric , heliogram , helioscope
3) 月(lun-) lunar , Luna , luarian , lunary
4)星(astro-) astrophysics , astronaut , astrophere
5) 云(nepho-) nephrology , nephogram , nephometer , nephoscope
6) 雨(hyet-) hyetal , hyetogram ,hyetology , hyetometer
7) 水(hydr-) hydra , hydrability , hydrant ,hydrator
8) 土(geo-) geocentric , geopolitical , geobiology , geocenter
9) 生命(bio-) biophysics , bioactive , biobalonce , biobattery
10)生态(eco-) ecosystem , ecology , ecocide , ecoclimate
2.利用二分法巧记前缀
1)内(intro/intra/in-) income , introspect ,introvert , intraoffice ,intravenous
外(out/ex/a/extra-) outlaw , example, exceed , avoid , extraordinary
2)大(macro/mega/max-) macroanalysis , macroeconomics , megadose , maximize
小(micra/mini-) microanalysis , microeconomics , microscope , minimize
3)多(multi/poly-) multichannel , multicolor , polycentric , polyphony
少(单)(mono-) monocycle , monologue , monosyllable , monorail
4)好(bene-) benefactor , benefit , benediction , beneficent
坏(mal-) maladjustment , maladministration , maltreat
5)上(super/up-) superhigh , superman , upend , upland , upright
下(under/sub-) underdeveloped , underestimate , subconscious ,
6)同(homo-) homocentric , homonym , homosexual , homophone
异(hetero-) heterodox , heterosugar , heterotype ,heterosexual
7)共同(syn-) synchronism , syndicate , synonym , synecology
反对(anti-) anti-communist , antipathy , antartic , antonym
8)高(hyper-) hyperactive , hypercriticism , hyperinflation
低(hypo-) hypocrisy , hypotension , hypothesis , hypodermic
9) 整体(pan-) Pan-American , Pantheism , Pan-Hellenic , panacea
局部(quaxi-) quasi-contract , quasi-official , quasi-war ,
10)前(pro/pre-) proceed , proclaim , produce , predict , prejudice
后(post/step/with) postgraduate , postpone , stepfather , withdraw
3.利用数字巧记前缀
4)tri=three,threefold triangle , tricar , trichord
5)quadri/tetra=four quadrennial , quadresyllable , quadruped
6)penta,quinque=five pentachord , pentagon , pentarchy , quinquevalent,
7)sex/hexa=six sexennial , sexpartite(分成六部分的)
8)sept/hepta=seven septangle , septennial, septisyllable
9)octo/octa=eight octagon , October , octosyllable
10)ennea/nona=nine nonagon , ennaton(第九节) , enneagon
11)deca=ten decade , decagen , decalogue
12)hecto=hundred hectogram , hectometer, hectoliter
13)milli=thousand milligram(毫克) , millititer , millimeter
14)mega=million megabyte(字节) , megadeath , megawatt
二、巧记单词后缀
1. a部后缀
1)― able(形,表易做……、能力、适合……的) available ,desirable ,changeable
2)― ade(名,表动作过程、状态、结果) blockade ,cannonade ,escapade
3)― age(名,表集体、地位结果) marriage ,passage ,shortage , usage
4)― al(形,有……的性质) brutal ,mortal ,punctual ,federal
5)― al(名,把动词变成抽象名词) approval ,arrival ,betrayal ,survival
6)― ain(名,表人) captain ,chaplain ,villain
7)― ant(名,表人) servant ,assistant ,emigrant
8)― aire(名,表人) millionaire , billionaire
9)― an/ian/ean(名,表人) American ,German ,European
10)― ance/ancy(名,表行为、过程、性质状态) appearance , attendance
11)― ar(名,人物) beggar ,burglar ,liar ,scholar
12)― ard/art (名,人物) coward ,drunkard ,steward ,braggart
13)― ary (名,从事……的人) functionary ,secretary ,missionary ,
14)― ate (名,人物) advocate ,candidate ,delegate ,pirate
15)― ate (形,具有……的性质、有……味道) accurate ,affectionate
a部人物多表示贫穷、低下、游走不定等,含有贬意色彩,例如: beggarburglarcowardservant等,但含有i的后缀例外,例如:millionaire billionaire;a部动词转化名词的后缀,表动作的方向、方式、过程、状态、结果等,例如:marriageapprovalarrivalattendance;a部形容词表能力,具有……;a部副词表方向、方式。
2.e部后缀
1)― ee (名,承受者) employee , examinee , devotee , trainee
2) ― eer(名,动作发出者) engineer , pioneer , engineer , volunteer
3) ― er(名,形、动) baker , customer , leader , gardener , wander
4) ― en(名,表人物) citizen , warden , heathen
5) ― en(形,同……有关) brazen , earthen , golden , wooden
6) ― en(动,使……) darken , fasten , sharpen , redden , threaten
7) ― ent(名,形) president , student , resident , oppoent , fluent
8) ― herd(名,表人) cowherd , shepherd
9) ― ese(名、形, 表人物) Chinese , Japanese , Portuguese ,Congolese
10) ― ess(名,表女性) actress , hostess , empres,eagless , lioness
11) ― ster(名,表人) gamester , gangster , trickster , minister
12) ― eur(名,表人) amateur, litterateur, restauranteur, farceur
13) ― ier(名,表人) financier , premier , cashier , soldier
14) ― ety(名,表状态、性质) variety , propriety , sobriety
15) ― ery(名,表职业、场所) bakery , gallery , cookery , fishery
16) ― ence(名,表性质、状态) difference , excellence , absence
17) ― ency(名,表性质、状态) persistency , efficiency , fluency
18) ― el(名,表小) model , cupel , damsel , parcel
19) ― en(名,表小) chicken , maiden ,kitten , children , oxen
20) ― et(名,表小) islet , cabinet , circlet ,lionet
21) ― ette(名,表小、模仿) cigarette, novelette,gazette , kitchenette
22) ― ed(形,具有、充满) aged , landed ,colored, beared,cultured
e部人物所从事的职业明确(一般表世俗,普通的职业)如:baker, warden ,cowherd restauranteur ;ster ,herd等结尾的名词含有贬意色彩,例如:gangster ;ier等结尾的名词含有褒意的色彩,例如premier financier等。
3.i部
1)― ia(名,表人事物) hysteria , militia , Australia , regalia ,insomnia
2)― iac (形、名,表有……特性的、有……病的) cardiac , insomniac
3)― ial (形、名,表有关……、有……性质) aerial , cordial ,facial
4) ― ian (形、名,表人物) Christian , Egyptian , Italian , musician
5) ― ible (形,可……的、能……的) edible , terrible , divisible ,horrible
6) ― ic (形、名,表与……有关的,……的) academic , atomic ,physic
7) ― ics (名,表学术) aerobatics , classics , ethics , physics
8) ― ical (形,表有关、……性的) chemical , musical , physical , surgical
9) ― ice (抽象名词) avarice , justice , service , cowardice
10) ― id (形、名,有……性质的) acid , placid , rapid , solid , timid
11) ― ie (名,表小) birdie , bookie , cutie , auntie , doggie
12) ― ier (名,表专做某种工作的人) cashier , clothier , premier , soldier
13) ― ile (形,易……的,可……的) extensile , fertile , fragile , hostile
14) ― ine (形,名词后缀) divine , riverine , doctrine , medicine , routine
15) ― ing (形,名词) learning , teaching , sleeping , interesting
16) ― ion (名,表过程、状态、结果) addition , civilization , protection
17) ― ior (形,表比较级) inferior , junior , senior , superior
18) ― ious (形,充满……的) delicious , precious , religious , glorious
19) ― ise (名、动) treatise , practise
20) ― ish (形,如……的、似……的) bookish , childish , feverish , selfish
21) ― ism(名,表学说、主义、特性) communism , heroism , optimism
22) ― ist (名,表专业、专门人) pianist , geologist , tourist , moralist
23) ― ite (名,居民、后代、成员) Israelite , laborite , Darwinite
24) ― ium (名,表元素、地点等) aluminum , barium , magnesium
25) ― ive (形,名) captive , native , operative , exclusive , exhaustive
26) ― itude(名,表性质、状态) altitude , apitude , fortitude , multitude
27) ― ity (名, 性质、状态、程序) fixity , futurity , hospitality , hilarity
28) ― ize (动,使成……状态、使……化) civilize , dramatize , generalize
29) ― in (名,表小) elfin , violin
30) ― ship (名,表身份、关系) friendship , hardship , leadership
i部后缀、多与科技、医学、学说、主义等有关,比较专业化。
4.O 部
1)― o(名,表人事物) tornado , credo , stereo , studio
2) ― ock (名,表小) bullock , hillock , paddlock
3) ― on (名,表人物) champion , companion , matron , patron
4) ― oon (名,表增大或增强) cartoon , lampoon , balloon , saloon
5) ― or (名,表人物) ambassador, governor, inspector, professor
6) ― ory (名,表地方) dormitory , factory, laboratory, territory
7) ― ory (形,带有……的性质) compulsory , contradictory, preparatory
8) ― ose (形,多……的、有……的) verbose , fructose, bellicose
9) ― our (抽象或集体名词) favour , humour, odour, savour
10) ― ous (形,充满……的) envious , furious, industrious , perilous
11) ― proof (形,防……的) airproof , bombproof , fireproof , rainproof
12) ― dom (名,地位、职位、领域、性质、集团) freedom , wisdom
13) ― hood (名,性质、状态、阶级、身份) boyhood , childhood , likelihood
14) ― mony (名,ment的变形) ceremony , harmony , matrimony
15) ― fold (名,倍数) manifold , twofold , tenfold
16)― most (形,表最高级) almost , foremost , utmost , foremost
17) ― long (副,表方向) headlong , sidelong
18) ― some (形,有……倾向、易……的) darksome , gladsome , lonesome
o部的职业、多受人尊敬,例如: ambassor , governor , professor , inspector;o部形容词一般表有某种受好倾向。
5.l(u)部
1)cle (名,小个体、个别) article , icicle , particle
2)el/le (名,小) model , vessel , bottle
3)le.(动,表反复) chuckle , sparkle , startcle
4)let (名,小) booklet , bullet , cutlet
5)ling(名,小) darling , duckling , seedling
6)ule(名,小) corpuscle , globule , granule
7)ful.(形,充满) dreadful , fruitful , regretful
8)less(形,没有) aimless , groundless , helpless
9)ly(形,副)costly , friendly , absolutely
l部多表小,有无,有关等。
参考文献:
[1]刘毅.英文字根字典[M].外文出版社,1999.1.
[2]张明勤,李恒敏.英语单词记忆捷径[M].上海外语教育出版社,2006.3.
[3]吉恩费兰克,相永.英文字根词典[M].世界知识出版社,2005.10.
[4]霍恩比.牛津高阶英汉双解词典[M].商务印书馆.牛津大学出版社,1997.7.
[5]刘毅.英文字根字典[M].外文出版社,1999,1.
[6]邢方亮,孙蓓.十天背会大学英语四级词汇[M].中国科技大学出版社,2003.
[7]李淼,郭俊峰.坛经[M].时代文艺出版社,2001.5.
(作者单位:河南郑州铁路职业技术学院)