shall的主要用法

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―I haven’t got the reference book yet， but I’ll have a test on the subject next week.

―Don’t worry. You _________ have it by Friday.

A. could B. shall C. must D. may

本题选B。对此许多同学感到疑惑不解：shall不是只用于第一人称吗？现在怎么用于第二人称呢？本文对情态动词shall的用法加以小结，供大家参考。

一、表示意图，提出或征求意见

Shall we have dinner？

我们吃饭好吗？

Shall I send you the book？

我把书给你寄去，好不好？

Shall he come tomorrow？

他明天会来吗？

Let’s go to play football，shall we？

我们去踢足球，好吗？

We shall celebrate his birthday every year.

我们会每年庆祝他的生日。

二、表示许诺

“Whatever you want you shall have，”said the king.

“你想要什么就会得到什么。”国王说。

My dear，you shall have all the ships.

亲爱的，你会得到所有的船只。

You shall have the book the moment I finish it.

我一完成这书你就可得到它。

三、表示说话人强烈的决心和意志

“I shan’t go back to school，Daddy！”said the naughty boy.

“我决不回学校，爸爸！”淘气的男孩子说。

The prisoners shall do what the police tell them to do.

犯人得做警察要他们做的事。

四、表示威胁、命令、警告

He shall be punished.

他将受到惩罚。

You shall marry him.

你得嫁给他。

My wife always says “You shall ...”and I always say “I will ...”.

我妻子常常说“你得……”，而我常常说“我愿意……”。

He shall be sorry for what he has done one day.

有一天他会为他的所作所为感到后悔。

―Excuse me，but I want to use your computer to type a report.

―You _________ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.

A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

解析：答案为A。shall在句中表示警告。

五、表示法律、规章等的规定

In China children shall not be employed in any company.

在中国任何公司不得雇佣童工。

Each guest shall return to the hotel before midnight.

午夜前客人必须返回宾馆。

Examinees shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

所有试卷收完后考生方可离座。

“The interest _________ be divided into five parts，according to the agreement made by both sides，”declared the judge.

A. may B. should C. must D. shall

解析：答案为D。shall在句中表示规定。

（责任编校彭益）