Research on the development pattern for rural sports under the background of the
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Abstract. Taking rural sports development model in Xvchang as the research object, the article has given an investigation on status of rural sports development in Xvchang with the literature material method, interviewing method, questionnaire survey, and analyzed the influential factors to offer the development pattern, which also provides reference for the rapid development of new rural sports and the relevant departments to formulate corresponding policies.
Key words: new countryside, rural sports, present situation, development pattern
In 2006, the No. 1 file, several opinions on promoting the construction of new socialist countryside from the state council of the communist party (the Opinions for short hereinafter) is the important guiding principle, which indicates that we need to construct the system of public cultural services and promote the implementation of sports fitness projects for farmers according to the requirements of to develop production, prosperous life, civilized village customs, neat village and democratic management. As an important content of the construction of the new socialist countryside, rural sports plays an important role of strengthening the farmers' health, improving their health living standards, richingcultural life, transforming social traditions and forming the scientific, civilized and healthy lifestyle. The article has taken rural sports development model in Xvchang as the research object and given an investigation on status of rural sports development in Xvchang with documentary, interview, questionnaire survey and analyzed the influential factors to offer the development pattern, which also provides reference for the rapid development of new rural sports and the relevant departments to formulate corresponding policies.
1． research objects and methods
1.1 research objects
The research object is the development pattern for rural sports in Xvchang, and people in the countryside of Xvchang are the respondents.
1.2 research methods
1.2.1 The literature material method
To consult literature material and books in nearly 10 years about rural sports, new countryside sports to provide the theory basis for analysis.
1.2.2 Questionnaire survey
To design the questionnaire survey about present situation of rural sports development in Xvchang and exam the reliability and validity to make sure it is accord with the requirement of sociology. With the stratified sampling method, first extract YuZhou, XuChang county and XiangCheng county and extract Shenhou town, Yulin town, Fanhu town, at last give out local residents 50, 100, 50 pieces questionnaires in these towns, totaling 200, and recover 192 copies, the recovery rate is 96%, containing valid questionnaires 188 copies, effective rate is 94%, (as table 1) and it’s accord with statistical requirements after examinations.
1.2.3 Interviewing method
Learn about the situation about the farmers’ participation in sports fitness, facilities, etc through taking with residents and the government leader who is in charge of sports.
1.2.4 Mathematical statistics
According to the research needs, inspect and count the data with EXCEL
2． results and analysis
2.1 features of Xuchang rural sports development status
According to the statistics, in this, 200 questionnaires have been given out in this investigation, and recycled valid questionnaires 188, in which 106 people have once taken part in physical exercise, accounting for 56.4%.
2.1.1 Diversified motives of physical exercise
We can see in the Tab 2 that in Xvchang the motives of physical exercise for farmers are successively physical fitness, accounting for 76.4%; entertain, accounting for 68.9%; next to prolong life, accounting for 58.5 %, prevention and treatment of disease, accounting for pt 48.1%; promote exchanges, accounting for 29.2%, improve aesthetic, accounting for 22.6%, kill time, accounting for 14.1%. Today the material wealth of society is very rich, people have diversified motives of physical exercise like taking exercise for both body and hearts, which promotes the development of rural sports.
2.1.2 Narrow limitations of exercise programs
（As Tab3）The exercise programs that rural residents of Xvchang take part in are mainly: Running, walking (77.3%); Badminton (59.4%); Basketball, volleyball, football and some ball games (39.6%); Martial arts (25.0%); Billiards (24.5%); Gymnastics, setting-up exercise, Fan Dance and so on (23.6%); Mountain climbing (10.4%). Thus it can be seen that running and walking is the most common way to exercise, and the exercise programs has narrow limitations.
2.1.3 Freedom of exercise place
（As Tab4）According to the investigation, the main exercise place of rural residents of Xvchang are in highway or street edge, accounting for 69.8%, their courts, accounting for 62.3%; In the school, accounting for 46.2%; Charging sports venues, accounting for only 19.8%, fitness club, accounting for only 8.5%. We can find that rural residents mainly choose the highway or street edge, which is free and has small scale.
2.1.4 Centrality of exercise time
（As Tab5）, the exercise time for rural residents to have exercise are mainly in the evening ( 48.1%) and morning (34.9%), night(12.3%) , other time(4.7%). Rural residents are basically busy with farm and jobs, thus most of them choose evening when they have free time for exercise.
2.1.5 Limitations of the exercise season
(As tab 6), the exercise season for rural residents to have exercise is winter (51.9%) and at the turn of summer and autumn (26.4%), early days in spring(14.1%) and autumn (7.6%) when less people will exercise. Autumn and spring are the two seasons that are the busiest time for farmers, during which they need to sow seeds and reap crops, and they are tired of the all-day labor which makes them have no redundant energy to take part in physical training. However, in winter and the turn of spring and summer, there will be little farm work, and the peasantry has less production activities so that they have time to do physical exercise, shape body model to cheer their mood and promote family love and friendship between people.
2.2. Factors affecting the development of rural sports in Xvchang
2.2.1 Internal factors
(As tab 7), rural residents’ leisure time is distributed as follows. Watching TV at home, accounting for 86.8%, Playing mahjong, poker, accounting for 66.9%; Chatting, accounting for 54.7%; Going to market, accounting for 28.3%; Participating in physical activities, accounting for 24.5%, Reading books and newspapers, accounting for 11.3 per cent. The residents spend most free time on watching TV at home, playing mahjong, poker and so on, and actually people who take part in sports only account for 24.5%. Thus rural residents’ consciousness of doing exercise is weak, and their cognitive level of sports function is not high. People just think that labor is equal to sports, in their opinion, the main method to maintain and improve health is enough sleep and to improve eating. On the contrary, physical exercise will only makes them feel tired, which is unfavorable to work.
2.2.2 External factors
(As tab 8) There is an investigation for 106 people who take part in sports, in which 89 rural residents proposed lack of facilities, accounting for 84.0%; No time, accounting for 72.6%; Too tired of work, accounting for 54.7%, Economic condition is poor, accounting for 40.6%; Having no interest, accounting for 33.0%. We can find that most rural residents are willing and like to take part in sports, however, as for the restriction of site, time and other external factors, the development of rural sports is not very good, so we need to perfect site, equipments and other hardware facilities if we want to develop the rural sports.
2.3 construction of the development pattern for new rural sports in Xvchang
2.3.1 School sports development pattern
School sports refers to make full use of school sports resources and take schools as the main activity places and adults as object, so that make the school sports resources and community sports resource can be both shared, which is an effective way to promote national fitness. First, to establish the corresponding management institution and set up the school sports council and commission which are made of representors from school and community before implementing School sports. Second, as a main manner for rural residents (community), government and related departments should enhance investment to the school sports installations and sites. Third, the school PE teachers can serve as instructors for residents' sports exercise, guiding residents to understand sports information and the theory and methods for sports fitness, so as to raise residents' sports level and participation.
2.3.2 Festival sports development pattern
Festival sports is a kind of sports culture, which is formed in specific space-time and locations and according to demands of religious sacrificial, farming production, fitness entertainment and so on. First, the organizer and participants of rural holidays and festivals sports activities are mainly peasants, and organization form and activities projects have rural characteristics. Second, to set up a special team to increase the propaganda of the sports festivals, so that the rural residents can understand the connotation of festival sports and the meaning of traditional Chinese festivals.
2.3.3 Village sports development pattern
First, to develop village sports in slack farming season when the government and related departments can hold farmers games between villages. Second, in modern society, sports has become one of the important social intercourse forms. Third, as the village sports is backward compared to city sports, we should make full use of the demonstration effect of cities and towns sports to encourage cities, towns to support construction of village sports including human, material and financial resources and intellective in order to quicken the construction and development of the rural sports.
2.3.4 Family sports development pattern
Family sports means taking the family members as active object and domestic bedroom and surrounding environment as the main activity place, according to a bedroom conditions and hobbies and interests of members, at the same time, using the own time to choice fitness contents and methods in order to achieve the purpose of promoting physical and mental health, harmony of families and the stability and development of social. The family sports is a new rural sports development model which has great Chinese characteristics, and rural cadres can develop rural family sports competition activities and exchange activities using leisure time, what's more, we can set up a family sports day or family sports week to promote the development of family sports, which can also lay the foundation for social sports environment.
3. Conclusions and suggestions
3.1 Conclusions
3.1.1 The present situation and characteristics of rural sports development in Xvchang: Diversified motives of physical exercise; Narrow limitations of exercise programs; Freedom of exercise place; Centrality of exercise time; Limitations of the exercise season
3.1.2 Factors affecting the development of rural sports in Xvchang:（1）Internal factors: rural residents’ physical exercise consciousness is still weak, and we need to strengthen sports publicity. (2) External factors: lack sites and equipments, no time, too tired of working and economic conditions, which all affect the development of rural sports in Xvchang.
3.1.3 Suitable patterns for the development of rural sports in Xvchang are: schools and communities sports development pattern, festivals sports development pattern, the village sports development pattern, the family sports development pattern.
3.2 Suggestions
3.2.1 Strengthen the propaganda of the rural sports activities and improve the villagers' fitness awareness. In recent years the popularizing rate has increased rapidly, and we should make full use of radio, newspapers, TV, display window and some other communication measures to spread related sports information and strengthen people’s attention to and understand on sports. In addition, we still need to carry out rich and colorful sports activities that the masses are glad to see. On the other hand, to organize peasant to watch various types of physical activities is a kind of very good way of propaganda and improving villagers’ enthusiasm of participation, which is helpful for building good fitness atmosphere.
3.2.2 The lack of fields and facilities is one of the conditions to restrict the development of rural sports. People should formulate related policies about the development of rural sports and use the power of government and related departments to develop rural sports. Second, to strengthen the construction facilities in rural area and sports facilities; To make reasonable use schools, sports venues and club and such sports resources to meet the demand of rural residents to do exercise.
3.2.3 Highlight the development of festival sports and traditional national sports. This kind of sports represents local folkways and customs, and has a great significance to study sports culture, which is the reflection of Chinese folk culture. Reasonable scientific development can make the rural traditional sports get protection, inheritance and vigor in development.
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