2006排球世锦赛一览
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A Map of the Volleyball World Championships, 2006
About the Sport
In 2006, the sport of volleyball is 111 years old!
It was invented in 1895 in Massachusetts, the United States, by William Morgan. He was a friend of James Naismith, who had invented basketball at a nearby gym only four years previously[先前].
Volleyball is a complex game of simple skills. The ball is hit from up to 60cm above the height of a basketball hoop[铁环] and takes 0.3 seconds to get from the spiker to the baseline receiver. That means the receiver must assess[评估] the incoming angle, decide where to pass the ball and then control the pass in the blink[眨眼] of an eye.
Power and height have become vital[必需的] components[成分], but the ability of teams and coaches to devise new strategies[策略] and skills has been crucial[至关紧要的] for success.
Basic Rules
There are six players on court in a volleyball team, who each must rotate[转] position (clockwise[顺时针方向地]) every time their team wins back service from the opposition. Only the three players at the net positions can jump and spike or block near the net. The backcourt players can only hit the ball over the net if they jump from behind the attack line, also known as the three-metre line, which separates the front and back part of the court.
Volleyball has developed into a very specialised sport. Most teams will include in their starting line-up a setter, two centre blockers, two receiver-hitters and a universal spiker. Only certain players will be involved with service reception. Players will also have specialist positions for attack and defence. Substitutions[替换] are allowed during the game.
In 2000, volleyball used a new scoring system. Teams scored a point on every rally[连续对打], regardless of[不管] which team served. Meanwhile, matches are now played best of five sets. The first four sets are played to 25 points, with the final set being played to 15 points. A team must win a set by two points. There is no ceiling, so a set continues until one of the teams gains a two-point advantage.
The World Championships
The Volleyball World Championships are the first and most important world volleyball event created by the Federation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The first men’s championship was held in Prague in 1949, and the first women’s in Moscow in 1952. In the volleyball world, the World Championships have the same tradition and prestige[声望] as soccer’s World Cup. To attain[获得] the title is one of the highest honors in international team sports.
An astounding[令人惊讶的] 218 countries and regions are given equal opportunity to compete - exceeding the number of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) members. After taking part in eight months of qualifying[使具有资格的] rounds, only the 24 best male and 24 best female teams will be able to compete in the final rounds. From Oct. 31st to Dec. 3rd, Japan will be the host of both the Men’s and Women’s Championships, 2006.
The 24 teams have been drawn into four pools[分组] of six teams. Each team plays five matches in the first round. At the end of the round, the top four teams in each pool advance to the second round, where the teams compete for the tickets of the semi-final and final rounds.
关于排球
到2006年，排球运动已经111岁了！
1895年，威廉・摩根在美国的马萨诸塞州发明了排球。他是詹姆斯・奈史密斯的朋友―4年前，后者恰好就在附近一家体育馆发明了篮球。
排球是一项集多种简单技巧于一身的运动。球从比篮筐还要高60厘米的地方被击下来，从扣球手到底线接球员的时间只要0.3秒。这意味着接球员必须在眨眼之间判断入射角度，决定向哪里传球，然后把传球控制好。
力度和高度是相当必要的因素，但球队与教练部署新战略，练习新技巧的能力对取胜也至关重要。
基本规则
每个排球队有6名球员上场。每当球队从对手那里赢回发球权之后，队员必须按顺时针方向换位置。只有站在网前的3名选手可以在球网附近跳跃、扣球或拦网。后场球员只有在从进攻线（也称3米线，此线将球场分为前后两部分）后起跳时，才能击球过网。
排球已经发展成一项非常专业的运动。大部分队伍的首发阵容包括1名二传手、2名中场拦网队员、2名接球击球手和1名普通扣球手。只有部分球员可以接发球。球员们在进攻和防守时也有特定的位置。比赛过程中允许换人。
2000年，排球采用了一套新的计分系统。在每个回合，无论哪支球队发球，赢家都可以得分。另外，现在比赛一般分为5局。前4局采用25分制，最后一局采用15分制。在一局中，胜出的队伍必须比对手高出两分（或以上）。分数没有上限，所以一局可以一直持续到其中一队比对手高出两分为止。
世界锦标赛
世界排球锦标赛是国际排球联合会（FIVB）创办的第一项，也是最重要的一项赛事。首届男子世锦赛于1949年在布拉格举行，首届女子锦标赛则于1952年在莫斯科举行。在排球界中，世锦赛拥有和足球的世界杯一样的传统与声望。赢得锦标更是国际团体赛事的最高荣誉之一。
多达218个国家和地区获得了公平竞争的机会―这比国际奥委会（IOC）成员国的数目还要多。在8个月的资格赛之后，只有最优秀的24支男子队和24支女子队能够在最后的比赛中展开竞争。从10月31日到12月3日，2006年男子与女子世锦赛将在日本举行。
24支队伍被分到4个组，每组6支球队。在第一轮，每支队伍将进行5场比赛。循环赛结束后，各组中最强的4支球队会晋级到第二轮，继续角逐半决赛和决赛的入场券。
排球重要赛事
For Volleyball
World Championships世界锦标赛
Olympic Games奥运会
World Grand Champions Cup国际排联大冠军杯赛
World Cup世界杯
World League世界联赛
World Grand Prix世界女排大奖赛
For Beach Volleyball
World Tour世界巡回赛
World Championships世界锦标赛
Olympic Games奥运会
Goodwill Games友好运动会
Challengers挑战赛
Satellites卫星赛
常用排球词汇
Service发球
A serve begins each rally. A player must hit the ball with his or her hand over the net to land inside the lines of the court. Players may serve underarm or overarm.
每个回合都由发球开始。发球手必须用手击球，球要发过球网，并且落在球场的底线范围内。发球球员可以选择下手或上手发球。
Dig垫球
It is a forearm pass that is used to control the ball and pass it to the setter at the net.
这是一种前臂传球，用于控球并将球传给网边的二传手。
Set定位传球
It is an overhead pass used to change the direction of the dig and put the ball in a good position for the spiker.
这是一种过顶传球，用于改变垫球的方向，并将球调整到一个方便扣球手的有利位置。
Spike扣球
The "Spike"is when the ball is hit or smashed across the net. It is the most powerful shot in volleyball-and the most effective way to win a rally.
“扣球”是指将球击过或扣过球网。这是排球中最有力的击球―也是在一个回合中取胜最有效的方法。
Block拦网
This is the first line of defence in volleyball. The objective of the "block"is to stop the spiked ball from crossing the net or to channel the spike to defenders.
这是排球运动中的第一道防线。“拦网”的目的是为了阻止扣球越过球网，或是为了将扣球引到后卫球员那里去。
The Libero自由人
This player wears a different colored uniform[制服] and can be substituted in backcourt for any player on the team. The libero cannot serve, spike the ball over the net or rotate into the front-line positions, but plays a vital role for the team in serve reception and backcourt defence.
这位球员身穿不同颜色的球服，可以在后场与球队中的任何队员进行替换。自由人不得发球、扣球过网或换到前场，但是对球队来说，这名球员在接发球和后场防卫中扮演着非常重要的角色。