颠倒词序 意差千里

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汉语中,我们经常遇到这样一种语言现象:组成一个词的两个字,只是前后颠倒一下顺序,意思就大相径庭｡如:“语法”与“法语”､“子女”与“女子”､“清明”与“明清”等｡这种因词序有异而词义不同的现象在英语中也不乏其例｡现举例说明如下:

1. all of与of all

all of后接名词通格或人称代词宾格,表示“所有的……”｡例如:

All of the children are very busy. 所有的孩子都很忙｡

of all常用在含有形容词最高级或副词最高级的句子中,表示比较范围,即表示在哪个范围内某人或某物是“最……”｡例如:

Jim’s cake is the biggest of all. 吉姆的蛋糕是(全部蛋糕中)最大的｡

2. work at与at work

work at意为“钻研,研究”,是由“动词 + 介词”构成的短语动词,其后通常接名词或代词作宾语｡例如:

My brother is working at English. 我弟弟正在钻研英语｡

at work意为“在工作”,是由“介词 + 名词”构成的介词短语,可与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语｡例如:

―Where is your sister? 你姐姐呢?

―She is atwork. 她正在工作｡

3. short for与for short

be short for表示“是……的缩写/简称”｡例如:

Tom is short for Thomas. Tom是Thomas的简称｡

TV is short for television. TV是television的缩写｡

for short表示“缩写,简称”｡例如:

His name is Robert, but we call him Rob for short. 他的名字叫Robert,但我们简单地称他为Rob｡

4. far from与from far

far from作“(距离上)远”和“(程度上)一定不,决不”解, far 是形容词｡例如:

The railway station is far from our home. 火车站离我们家很远｡

from far表示“来自远方”, far是表示地点的副词｡例如:

He received a letter of congratulations from far. 他收到一封来自远方的贺信｡

5. turn in与in turn

turn in意为“上交”,是个短语动词｡例如:

The student turned in some money to his teacher yesterday. 昨天那个学生把钱交给了他的老师｡

in turn意为“轮流”,是介词短语｡例如:

The old woman is ill. They look after her in turn. 那位老太太病了,他们轮流照顾她｡

6. hand in与in hand

hand in意为“上交,提交”,是个短语动词｡例如:

You must hand in your exercise books after school. 放学后你们必须把练习本交上来｡

in hand意为“在手头”,是介词短语,通常在句子中作状语｡例如:

He always has a lot of work in hand. 他手头总有许多工作要做｡

7. before long与long before

before long意为“不久”,常用于谓语动词为将来时态的句子中｡例如:

The book will be published before long. 那本书不久将会出版｡

long before意为“很久以前”,常用于谓语动词为过去时态的句子中｡例如:

She came here long before. 她很早就到这里了｡

8. another one与one another

another one意为“另一个”｡例如:

Would you like another one? 你再来一个,好吗?

one another 表示“彼此”､“互相”,一般指二人以上｡例如:

They three often help one another. 他们三个人经常互相帮助｡

9. too much与much too

too much意为“太多”,有下列三种用法:(1) 用作名词词组; (2) 用作形容词词组,修饰不可数名词; (3) 用作副词词组,修饰动词｡例如:

You gave me too much. 你给我的太多了｡

There is too much snow and ice here in winter. 冬天这儿的冰雪太多了｡

Don’t speak too much at the meeting. 会上不要讲得太多｡

much too意为“太”､“非常”,用作副词词组,可用来修饰形容词或其它副词｡例如:

The old man walked much too slow. 这位老人走得太慢了｡