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基质金属蛋白酶―2和血管内皮生长因子在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其临床意义

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【摘 要】目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征间的关系。方法:采用免疫组化技术检测96例子宫内膜癌,56例子宫内膜增生症,20例正常子宫内膜中MMP-2和VEGF的表达,并分析其与子宫内膜癌的临床分期、组织学分级、肌层深度及淋巴结转移等病理参数的关系。结果:①MMP-2和VEGF在正常子宫内膜,子宫内膜增生症,I-II期和II-IV期子宫内中的表达逐渐增强,在子宫内膜增生症、I-II期和III-IV期子宫内膜癌之间,二者表达差异有显著性,p0.05。②VEGF和MMP-2在III-IV期子宫内膜癌中的阳性率分别为75%和70%;VEGF的表达与子宫内膜癌手术―病理分期、肌层浸润程度、淋巴结转移具有相关性,p0.05。在淋巴结转移阳性率和阴性率中分别为80%和42.9%,二者差异具有统计学意义,p

【关键词】子宫内膜恶性肿瘤/病理;血管内皮生长因子;基质金属蛋白酶-2;免疫组织化学

【中图分类号】R734 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1004-7484(2013)05-0010-02

Matrix metalloproteinase - 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in endometrial carcinoma and its clinical significance of the expression.

Ren shaoling1 Li yongquan2 Chen fangtao1

(1.The Chinese medicine hospital;2.The municipal hospital of Laixi Shandong 266600,China.)

【Abstract】Objective:To study of MMP - 2 and VEGF in endometrial carcinoma tissue of the express and the relationship between clinical and pathological features. Methods:Immunohistochemical technical detection 96 example palace film carcinoma, 56 examples palace film hyperplasia disease, twenty cases of normal endometrium of MMP - 2 and VEGF expression, and analyzes its and endometrial cancer clinical stage, histological grade, muscle layer depth and lymph node metastasis and the relationship between pathological parameters. Results: (1) The MMP - 2 and VEGF in normal endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia disease, I - phase II and II - stage IV uterus strengthen gradually, the expression in endometrial hyperplasia disease, I - phase II and III - stage IV endometrial carcinoma, the expression differences between significant, p < 0.05; But in normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia disease no statistically significant differences between, p > 0.05. (2) The VEGF and MMP - 2 in III - stage IV endometrial carcinoma of the positive rate were 75% and 70% respectively; The expression of VEGF and endometrial cancer surgery - pathologic stage, muscle layer infiltration degree, lymph node metastasis has relevance, p < 0.05; Has nothing to do with age, histologic grading, p > 0.05. In the positive and negative lymph node metastasis in rate were 80% and 42.9% respectively, the difference is statistically significant, p < 0.05; In III - stage IV endometrial carcinoma group expression rate is 75%, much higher than I - phase II group of 46.4%, p < 0.05; (3) The expression of MMP - 2 and regardless of age, p > 0.05, but in endometrial tissue credits, operation - pathologic stage, muscle layer embellish degree, lymph node metastasis are related, the expression of differences are significant, p < 0.05. Conclusion:MMP - 2 and VEGF in endometrial cancer occurrence and development plays an important role in guiding the common testing clinical treatment and prognosis judgement, has an important role.

3 讨论

子宫内膜癌的侵袭转移是多步骤、多因素参与的复杂过程,而肿瘤细胞对细胞外基质的降解及血管生成是重要的先决条件。基质金属蛋白酶(Matrix metallaproteinases,MMPs)是一类锌离子依赖的蛋白水解酶,其主要功能在于降解和重塑细胞外基质、参与胚胎发育、血管新生、组织修复和重塑、炎症反应、肿瘤的侵袭转移等生理和病理过程[2]。MMPs通常由成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、巨噬细胞、造血细胞及肿瘤细胞等产生。目前,已有多种基质金属蛋白酶被克隆,根据其结构功能分为四大类:胶原酶(collagenases),基质溶解酶(stromelysins),明胶酶(gelatinases)及膜型基质蛋白酶(Membrane Type MMPs,MT-MMPs)。基中明胶酶(MMP-2和MMP-9)可分解基底膜主要成分-IV型胶原,及降解明胶、I、V、VII、X、XI型胶原,与肿瘤的浸润和转移关系尤为密切[1.2]。MMP-2促进肿瘤的侵袭转移已在大量研究中得到证明。体外实验结果显示,Davies[3]等研究表明膀胱癌组织中MMP-zmR NA主要位于间质细胞而不是肿瘤上皮细胞,MMP-2表达水平与肿瘤分化程度及侵润深度密切相关。在乳腺癌中,Nakopoulou等[4]研究了35例浸润性乳腺癌,发现MMP-2与肿瘤体积(0>2cm)有明显相关性。此外,有研究270例淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌病人,发现MMP-2阳性表达与组织分级显著相关(p

我们的研究表明,正常子宫内膜中有一例MMP-2呈微弱阳性表达者内膜属增生晚期改变,MMP-2表达和月经周期亦有关,随着病变的进行,子宫内膜增生症和子宫内膜癌中MMP-2表达逐渐增强,并在各组间的差异具有显著性中,尤其在I-II和III-IV组间,MMP-2表达明显增高,与文献资料研究的结论是一致的[6]。

VEGF是一种血管内皮特异性丝分裂原,其分子量为34-45KD的分泌型糖蛋白,在与血管内皮细胞相关的生理和病理过程中起重要作用。它几乎在所有实体瘤细胞中都有过量表达,在很多正常成人和动物组织中亦有少量表达。近年来,许多报道显示在多种恶性肿瘤细胞的发生发展过程中都伴随着VEGF表达的增加,包括了乳腺癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、宫颈癌[6]。随着研究的深入,发现在妇科肿瘤中,VEGF同样与其发生、发展、浸润等密切的关系,我们的研究表明,从正常的子宫内膜到子宫内膜增生症,再发展到子宫内膜癌的过程中,VEGF的表达逐渐增加。这与Ueda等[7]的细胞试验结果一致。他们的研究显示,产生VEGF的肿瘤细胞具有更高的侵袭能力和转移能力,同时我们的研究显示VEGF的表达与患者年龄,组织学分级无关,与手术病理分期,肌层浸润程度和淋巴结转移都均相关,可见VEGF是患者预后的一个重要指标。有报道[8]在对卵巢癌的研究中得出了VEGF高表达与卵巢淋巴结转移和盆腔外腹膜转移密切相关,此外VEGF可促进子宫内膜的血管生成,与早期子宫内膜癌预后呈负相关,VEGF在子宫内膜癌的早期阶段即发挥作用,肌层浸润仅为子宫内膜癌的一个发展途经。

综上所述,肿瘤细胞和基质细胞协同作用提供了一种有利于肿瘤细胞浸润和转移的微环境,MMP-2和VEGF是反映和判断肿瘤细胞恶性程度和侵袭行为的一个较好的指标,对癌浸润转移有监测价值和预后诊断价值。应用于临床监测中有一定的实用价值,对指导临床治疗有一定实际意义。

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