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脑血管畸形急性出血外科治疗效果分析

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[摘要] 目的 分析与探讨脑血管畸形急性出血外科治疗效果。 方法 本文回顾性分析了2004年6月~2011年6月本院收治的40例脑血管畸形急性出血患者的临床资料,其中行血肿清除加脑血管畸形切除术患者19例,行血肿清除加Ⅱ期脑血管畸形切除术患者9例,行脑室外引流加Ⅱ期脑血管畸形切除术患者7例,行血肿清除加去除骨瓣减压手术5例。 结果 40例患者中治愈37例,死亡3例。治疗效果优24例,良9例,差4例。术后随访患者37例,随访时间为6个月~3年,22例患者恢复工作,10例患者生活能够自理,5例患者仍需要他人照顾。 结论 对于脑血管畸形急性出血的外科治疗,应根据患者的病情选择恰当的手术方式,清除血肿,妥善处理脑血管畸形团,以实现改善病症与解除病因的目的。行血肿清除加脑血管畸形切除术可以促使患者术后身体功能的恢复,有效降低致残率。

[关键词] 脑血管畸形;急性出血;外科治疗;血肿清除加脑血管畸形切除术

[中图分类号] R651.1+2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2012)07(a)-0032-02

Effect analysis of surgical treatment for acute hemorrhage of cerebral vascular malformations

DING Xiao LI Zhibin HUANG Ge

Neurosurgery Department of Jiangmen Central Hospital in Guangdong Province, Jiangmen 529000, China

[Abstract] Objective To observe and investigate the effect of surgical treatment for acute hemorrhage of cerebral vascular malformations. Methods Forty cases of cerebral vascular malformation underwent surgical from June 2004 to June 2011 were retrospectively reviewed, including hematoma debridement plus cerebral vascular malformation excision in 19 cases, hematoma debridement plus stageⅡ cerebral vascular malformation excision in 9 cases, external ventricular drainage plus stageⅡ cerebral vascular malformation excision in 7 cases, and hematoma debridement plus skull windowing decompression in 5 cases. Results Thirty-seven cases were cured and 3 deaths occurred. The therapeutic effect categorized as excellent in 24 cases, fair in 9 cases and poor in 4 cases. With 6 months to 3 years follow-up in 37 cases, 22 cases went back to work, 10 cases went back to self-care and 5 cases still needed assisting in life. Conclusion The both aims of eliminating causes and reducing symptoms can be achieved by hematoma clearance and proper treating cerebral vascular malformation nidus. Hematoma debridement and cerebral vascular malformation excision can promote the recovery of patients' physical function and reduce disabled rate.

[Key words] Cerebral vascular malformation; Acute hemorrhage; Surgical procedures operative; Hematoma debridement and cerebral vascular malformation excision

脑血管畸形是一种出血性脑血管疾病,十分常见,是由于胚胎发育不正常导致的先天性脑血管发育异常,该病易反复发作,且死亡率较高。出血是血管畸形患者的首发症状,占总数的36%~74%[1-4]。对于脑内出血量较少的患者,可以采用保守治疗,择期处理畸形血管团。而有10%的患者由于脑内出血量大急需进行手术抢救。临床上治疗该病的主要方法是尽早切除畸形血管,并将颅内血肿清除[5]。本文对40例脑血管畸形急性出血患者进行观察分析,现将结果报道如下:

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2004年6月~2011年6月本院收治的40例脑血管畸形急性出血患者的临床资料,其中,男性24例,女性16例,年龄19~58岁。患者的临床表现有:(1)所有患者均出现恶心、呕吐、头疼等脑膜刺激征和急性颅内压增高的表现;(2)26例患者术前出现昏迷现象,其中意识模糊、嗜睡10例,枕骨大孔疝3例,中天幕裂孔疝8例。(3)偏瘫伴偏身感觉障碍患者3例,偏身感觉障碍2例,偏瘫6例。(4)13例有难治性头痛史,8例有癫痫发作史。