清幽世界清凉峰

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清凉峰国家级自然保护区地处浙江省临安市境内，与浙江淳安县、安徽的绩溪、歙县、宁国四县交界，海拔1787.4米，为浙北最高峰。1985年经省人民政府批准建立省级自然保护区，1998年8月扩区并经国务院批准晋升为国家级自然保护区，1999年11月建立保护区管理局。

清凉峰峰奇石怪，谷幽泉清，雾山云海，自古称奇。特别是江南小石林、天门奇观、龙池、石长城、龙涎洞、山池飞瀑、十八龙潭、大小石门、划船塘、千顷塘等等，景色更是别具一格，让人向往流连。

保护区内林海莽莽，古木参天，它由龙塘山森林生态系统、千顷塘野生梅花鹿区域、顺溪坞珍稀植物区域三大块组成，总面积16.8万亩，集体林12.3万亩。区内自然资源丰富，有高等植物1976种，脊椎动物283种，昆虫1800多种。

清凉峰自然保护区生物多样性突出，濒危、珍稀物种多，有梅花鹿、云豹、黑麂、豹、白颈长尾雉、中华秋沙鸭等国家一级保护动物6种，穿山甲、白鹇、中华虎凤蝶等国家二级保护动物32种，区内保存着世界珍稀、濒危的野生动物――华南梅花鹿的最大野生种群，并拥有银杏、银缕梅、夏腊梅等国家一级保护植物及国家级保护植物31种，模式标本植物28种。清凉峰自然保护区不仅是我国重要生物多样性的聚集地，也是濒危、珍稀物种的一个集中产地，是我国长江三角洲地区不可多得的物种基因库。

保护区一成立，管理局就着手组织力量开展勘界明址工作，本着“权属不变、利益共享、管理依法”的原则与周边4个乡镇、22个行政村签订了12.3万亩的集体山林界限四至协议，明确了各方职责，订立了联防保护公约，成立了清凉峰联合保护委员会，健全了管理局――保护站――保护点三级保护网络，由局保护科、森警中队分人分片负责联络，各乡镇、村专人协管。

保护区管理局在保护区总部昌化镇投资150万元建成了使用面积600余平方米的清凉峰科技馆，年接待10000余人次；2004年被列为杭州市环境教育基地、2006年被评为浙江省生态环境教育示范基地和浙江省生态道德教育基地。

管理局先后自筹配套资金600余万元完成了总投资1200多万元的一期保护工程，并按照保护区总体规划的要求修建了龙塘山保护站等10个保护站点、2个检查哨卡、2个望台，修建生物防火林带55公里，建成了森林防火视频监控系统和指挥中心，配备了风力灭火器、灭火弹、防火服、油锯等扑火工具，组建了清凉峰森警中队和扑火突击队，定岗定位，加强巡逻监控，责任到人，因而取得了自建立龙塘山省级自然保护区以来23年无森林火灾的好成绩。区内生物种群数量不断增多，森林覆盖率也由建区时的85%增加到91%，生态系统趋于稳定，2002年度被国家林业局授予“全国自然保护区先进集体”的光荣称号。

保护区组建的梅花鹿科考小组开展了“野生梅花鹿种群数量、分布情况等综合性考察”，出版《华南梅花鹿的保护与驯养》一书。2006年又与浙江林学院合作建立了“峰凉峰华南梅花鹿研究所”，开展野生梅花鹿扩繁工程。

在搞好保护的前提下，保护区充分利用自然资源丰富的优势，积极慎重地开展生态旅游，会同当地社区在实验区范围内开发建设了龙塘山、石长城等景区，弥补了保护经费的不足，同时按照“吃住在区外、游览在区内”的要求，在局总部枫树岭小区引资建成了昌化地区规模较大的宾馆――清凉峰山庄，拥有300余床位。此外，还投入1500万元对长达21.7公里的侯头至龙塘山公路进行拓宽和砂改油，改善了生态旅游的开发条件，也为保护区的发展增强了后劲。

The Cool Peak Preserves Nature, Promotes Tourism

By Lou Houweng

The Qingliang (Cool) Peak, the key part of a namesake national nature reserve, towers at 1,788 meters above sea level. The highest point in the northern Zhejiang, it borders with Chuann County of Zhejiang and three other counties in Anhui Province. The provincial Qingliang Peak nature reserve came into being in 1995 and it went national in August, 1998. The conservation administration was established in November, 1999.According to the last survey, the zone is home to 1,976 species of plants, 283 species of vertebrates, and 1,800 species of insects.

The peak is characterized by picturesque cliffs and rocks, bubbling streams and cascading waterfalls, age-old trees and meadows. The whole nature preserve consists of three separate sections in an aggregate area of 11,200 hectares. Some spots inside the zone have been converted into tourist attractions. The Dragon Pond Mountain features an ecological system kept intact; Qianqingtang is an age-old crater lake at more than 1,000 meters above sea level surrounded by seemingly low and undulating hilly meadows where spotted deer frequent when wild haw bear fruits; extremely rare and valuable plant species thrive in Shunxi Valley.

The reserve features biodiversity. Of the nearly 40 species of animals under national protection in the zone, the Southern China spotted deer group is the largest community in China. The reserve serves as a live bank of rare genes of plants and animals in the delta area of the Yangtze River.

Shortly after the reserve came into being, the protection administration organized field teams to determine its demarcation lines. Agreements were signed with towns and villages which are owners of the hills and woods in the reserve, clarifying responsibilities for preservation. A three-tier protection mechanism has been in smooth and effective operation to make sure that every part of the reserve is well under protection.

With an amount of 1.5 million yuan, a museum was built in Changhua where the administration headquarters sits. The museum displays specimens and photographs of rare fauna and flora under protection. The administration has completed the first phase of the infrastructure project across the reserve with an investment of 12 million, half of which was raised by the administration itself. As the result of the first phase, ten protection stations, two checkpoints, two watchtowers and a fifty-kilometer-long fire belt were built. The fire surveillance system has been set up with one command center and a series of facilities. The Cool Peak area is regularly patrolled. For the 23 years since the Dragon Pond Mountain came under the provincial protection, no forest fire has broken out. And the species of fauna and flora there have expanded and increased since then. The afforestation rate grew from 85% 23 years ago to 91% today. In 2002, the administration was recognized by the Ministry of Forest as a model unit for its accomplishment in preservation.

While dedicated to preservation duties, the administration has also taken cautious measures to develop tourism. An experimental zone has been developed to generate some income to make up for the shortage of funds. Backpack hikers are now encouraged to conduct adventures during daytime within the zone but spend the night outside the protected area. To cater to the needs of tourists, a guesthouse with 300 beds has been in operation in the compound of the administration. What is more, a 21.7-kilometer highway has been refurbished and widened with an investment of 15 million yuan to improve the connection between the protection station in the Dragon Pond Mountain and a nearby provincial highway. The mountain road not only provides convenience to tourists but also serves as useful infrastructure to further boost the preservation of the Cool Peak.

(Translated by David)