直面语言 完胜“完形填空”
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英语完形填空考查考生综合语言实际运用能力。它要求考生由已知信息加以分析、归纳、比较，进而得出未知信息。一般完形填空解题时间以18分钟为宜。完胜完形填空题应具备四大要素：①扎实的基础（词法、单词搭配、句法、语法、语感和篇章结构）；②缜密的思维；③注重前后逻辑关系。④善于应变，不心烦意乱。
完形填空训练可分四步走。
第一步：纵观全文，先知先觉。跳过空白粗略地看，理解文意。审首尾句，抓住关键信息，了解文体，掌握主要情节，结合写作特点进行思考，体会作者的内心世界。遇到信息词，不妨加以标注。磨刀不误砍柴工，该步骤是做好完形填空的前提和保证。
第二步：顺藤摸瓜，逐项挑选。认真分析，寻找路标（提示或暗示的语言），以过渡性语言为契机，从作者的角度思考，不投入过多的主观想法。理清文章脉络，寻找“突破口”，学会从字里行间阅读，了解深层含义。句意通顺前后连贯很重要，并注意复现词汇。
第三步：回眸反思，理顺斧正。有效复查并且质疑。说不通的地方就是疑点，仔细甄别，选出最佳答案。“最佳”的概念要求本寻真，忠实于原文，忠实于作者。没办法的办法就是采用排除法。
第四步：代入诵读，总结得失。正确答案烂熟于心，常见搭配应用自如。每次训练宛如给自己建造一个进步阶梯。打好语言基本功才是最重要的。语感来源于阅读，需持之以恒。学习的规律是“错中学”。训练的过程远比训练结果重要，一步一步地练，然后迈向成功。
下面以一篇完形填空为例来进行分析。
Woz and I started Apple in my parents’garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had 1 from just the two of us in a 2 into a 1 billion company with over 4 000 employees. We had just 3 our finest creation ―the Macintosh―a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you 4 ? Well, as Apple grew we 5 someone who I thought was very talented to 6 the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge（分歧）and 7 we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors
8 with him. So at 30 I was out, and very publicly out. 9 had been the focus of my entirelife was gone, and it was devastating（毁灭性的）.
I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to 10 for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to 11 on me―I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been 12 , but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn’t see it then, but it 13 that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the 14 of being a 15 again, less sure about everything. It freed me to 16 one of the most creative periods of my life.
I’m pretty sure 17 of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was 18 tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Don’t lose 19 . I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t 20 . As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it.
―By Steve Jobs, former CEO of Apple Computer
1. A. grown B. begun
C. removed D. kept
2. A. bedroom B. farm
C. kitchen D. garage
3. A. announced B. declared
C. released D. coped
4. A. managed B. started
C. installed D. entitled
5. A. provided B. sorted
C. promoted D. hired
6. A. run B. involve
C. open D. engage
7. A. instantly B. constantly
C. eventually D. frequently
8. A. risked B. supported
C. pleased D. sided
9. A. Which B. What
C. Whichever D. Whatever
10. A. apologize B. reveal
C. head D. stand
11. A. imply B. put
C. impress D. dawn
12. A. resisted B. rejected
C. solved D. interrupted
13. A. made out B. come out
C. turned out D. tried out
14. A. darkness B. lightness
C. carelessness D. business
15. A. waiter B. pioneer
C. visitor D. beginner
16. A. enter B. relieve
C. preview D. expect
17. A. something B. none
C. everything D. anything
18. A. careful B. acceptable
C. hopeful D. awful
19. A. courage B. patience
C. imagination D. faith
20. A. settle B. recall
C. claim D. deny
【试题分析】
作者作为苹果公司前CEO，从20岁创建公司到30岁被解雇，经过反思再奋斗再成功。乔布斯的这篇文章中的经典语言令人难以忘怀：“I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. （我知道唯一支撑我前进的东西就是我爱我所做的事）”。“爱”是文章的主旋律，作者拥有这份大爱，同时具备非凡的创造力，不被任何失败所击垮。
该篇文章的文体为记叙文，人称为第一人称。作者爱创业、爱企业、爱公平竞争、爱二次创业。这些应成为阅读重点。短文共420词。故事中5个“but”反映了故事的跌宕起伏，折射出故事主人翁不屈不挠的品质。对比手法的应用，如： hire someone,（but unfortunately），I got fired。作者“柳暗花明又一村”，再度进入了人生的另一个研发高峰期。
动词和名词为完形填空考查的重点词类。分布情况如下。
把握“文眼”，整体把握。“文眼”即文章的主题。creation/ creative 创造发明，创造生活。想方设法弄清大意，并让自己融入其中。
上文提示和下文暗示的双重引导。“上下文原则”是完形中最重要的原则。由文章第一句“Woz and I started Apple in my parents’ garage when I was 20”可知第2题为garage、第4题为started；第1题grown由下文grew判断；三次提到的解雇①I got fired. ②... getting fired from Apple, ③...if I hadn’t been fired from Apple可判断第12题为 rejected（受到拒绝）；根据上文start over解第15题beginner；第19题根据下文heart找近义词faith，lose heart = lose faith。
一词多义多性理解到位。我们应准确掌握活用词汇。文中名词动词化有两个词:dawn, side，这样的难题可采用排除法。side with sb. 跟某人站到一起。dawn本义“黎明”，这里活用作动词，dawn on意为“开始（被人）理解，渐渐（使人）明白”。run在此意为“经营，管理”；release在此意为“，发行”。加强一词多义的记忆。不仅知其一，而且知其二，知其三。
答案与难题解析
1~5 ADCBD 6~10 ACDBA
11~15 DBCBD 16~20 ABDDA
3. ABC三选项都具有“宣布”之意，但announce侧重“口头通知”，declare意为“断言，宣战”，release侧重“投入市场”。
8. support sb.相当于 side with sb.。根据语境，舍B选D。
18. awful tasting medicine 相当于medicine tasting awful。
20. settle本来意为“解决；定居”等，在此意为“安于现状”。
学生感悟：
1. 争取时间复查，代入验证。
2. 设身处地思考，集中注意力，不乱想。
3. 牢记单词，不张冠李戴。
4. 了解故事背景利于推知梗概和细节。
5. 有时一个空格多个选项在微语篇中都对，联系上下文就能选对。
6. 利用选项而不依赖选项，避免误入歧途。
7. 要联系上下文，不要孤立地看哪一道题。
8. 凭主观感觉会引发许多错误。
9. 认真训练，克服心理障碍，不敷衍了事。
10. 平时多积累语言，多了解语言现象。只有掌握大量固定短语知识，才能顺利完成任务。