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铝螯合剂DFP对荷铝大鼠脾脏及附睾中铝和必需元素的影响

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摘要:目的探讨铝螯合剂1,2-二甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮(1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone,dfp)对荷铝大鼠脾脏附睾中铝的促排作用及组织中锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等必需元素影响。方法随机将30只雄性Wistar大鼠分为6组:阴性对照组、铝染毒组、预防组及低、中、高剂量组,AlCl3染毒3周后分别给予不同剂量的DFP 1周,测定脾脏及附睾中铝、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等元素的含量。结果铝染毒组大鼠脾脏、附睾中的铝含量均显著高于阴性对照组,预防组、低、中、高剂量组显著低于铝染毒组,且高剂量组与阴性对照组的差异无统计学意义;铝染毒组大鼠脾脏铜含量显著低于阴性对照组,中、高剂量组显著高于铝染毒组,且与阴性对照组的差异无统计学意义;各组大鼠脾脏中锌、铁、钙、镁含量的差异均无统计学意义;铝染毒组大鼠附睾中的锌含量显著低于阴性对照组,预防组、低、中、高剂量组显著高于铝染毒组,高剂量组与阴性对照组的差异无统计学意义;各组大鼠附睾中铜、铁、钙、镁含量的差异均无统计学意义。结论铝摄入量过多可使铝在脾脏及附睾中蓄积,DFP可促进铝的排出,且对锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等元素在体内的平衡不产生影响。

关键词:铝;螯合剂;必需元素

中图分类号:R115文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-979X(2007)11-0024-04

Effect of Deferiprone on Contents of Aluminum and Essential Elements in Spleen and Epididymis in Aluminum-Induced Rats

ZHUO Jin-hua, LIU Ping, LI Hong-yan, ZHAO Hui-juan

(Department of Chemistry and Microbacteria Detection, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone(deferiprone, DFP) on the contents of aluminum(Al), zinc(Zn), copper(Cu), iron(Fe), calcium(Ca) and magnesium(Mg) in spleen and epididymis in aluminum-induced rats. Methods Thirty male wister rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of negative control group, aluminum-induced group, prevention group, low, moderate and high DFP doses groups. The rats were administered with aluminum chloride for 3 weeks, then, they were treated with different doses of DFP for 1 week. The contents of Al, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg in spleen and epididymis were measured. Results The aluminum concentrations in spleen and epididymis of aluminum-induced group were remarkably higer than negative control group, and that of prevention group and three different dose groups were significantly lower thanaluminum-induced group. There was no statistical significance between high DFP dose group and negative control group. The Cu concentration of aluminum-induced group in spleen was significantly lower than that of negative control group, moderate and high DFP dose groups, while there were no statistical significance among moderate, high DFP dose groups and negative control group. The Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg contents in spleen in all groups were not significantly different. The Zn concentration of aluminum-induced group in epididymis was significantly lower than that of negative control group. The Zn concentrations of prevention group and three different DFP dose groups were significantly higher than that of aluminum-induced group. Compared with negative control group, the Zn content in epididymis was not significantly different from that in high DFP dose group. The Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg contents in epididymis demonstrated that there were no statistical significance among all the groups. Conclusion The excess of aluminum intake can cause the accumulation in spleen and epididymis. DFP can effectively promote the elimination of Al, and have no effect on the excretion of Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca and Mg.

Key words:aluminum; chelating agent; essential element

铝在地壳中含量丰富,应用广泛。铝盐被应用于食品添加剂、水处理剂、药物、炊具等,随着科技的发展,铝的毒性作用也逐渐被揭示。大量研究显示,铝与透析性脑病、阿尔茨海默症、骨软化症、小红细胞性贫血等疾病有关[1],并对免疫系统、生殖系统[2]有毒性作用。元素平衡与人体健康密切相关,这种平衡一旦打破,将会发生病理改变,影响健康,导致疾病。现通过测定荷铝大鼠脾脏及附睾中铝及必需元素的含量,探讨铝螯合剂1,2-二

甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮(1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridone,deferiprone,DFP)的排铝效果及对锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等必需元素的影响。

1材料与方法

1.1仪器与试剂

Solaar M6 原子吸收分光光度计;ER-182A电子天平;WH-2微型旋涡混合仪;硝酸(优级纯,上海振兴化工二厂);高氯酸(优级纯,上海桃浦化工厂);氯化铝(分析纯,广东西陇化工厂);氧化镧(高纯试剂,中国医药集团上海化学试剂公司);铝、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁标准溶液(国家标准物质研究中心);DFP由本课题组合成。

1.2实验动物

健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只(山东大学实验动物中心提供),分笼饲养,自由饮水及进食。

1.3方法

1.3.1动物分组按Wistar大鼠体重随机分为6组,每组5只,均以灌胃方式染铝及给药。阴性对照组,生理盐水1 mL/d,给予4周。铝染毒组,前3周给予AlCl3 281.40 mg/(kg・d)[3],第4周给予生理盐水1 mL/d。预防组,先给予AlCl3 281.40 mg/(kg・d),4 h后给予DFP 27.44 mg/(kg・d),持续给药4周。低、中、高剂量组,前3周持续给予AlCl3 281.40 mg/(kg・d),第4周分别给予DFP 13.82,27.44,54.88 mg/(kg・d)。各组大鼠每周给药均为5 d,间隔2 d。

1.3.2元素分析大鼠于最后一次给药后禁食禁水24 h,断头处死,取脾脏、附睾0.2 g左右置入石英消化管,加0.2 mL高氯酸、4 mL硝酸消化后采用原子吸收分光光度计测定铝、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等元素。原子吸收参数见表1。

1.4统计学处理

采用SAS统计软件6.0多样本均数比较的Dunnet-t检验。

2结果

2.1大鼠脾脏中铝、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁的含量

结果见表2。由表2可见,铝染毒组大鼠脾脏中的铝含量显著高于阴性对照组(P

2.2大鼠附睾中铝、锌、铜、铁、钙、镁的含量

结果见表3。由表3可见,铝染毒组大鼠附睾中的铝含量显著高于阴性对照组(P

3讨论

脾脏是机体最大的免疫器官,参与细胞免疫及体液免疫,其参与免疫作用的T细胞占35 %~50 %,B细胞占50 %~65 %,是产生抗体的主要器官。研究显示[4],铝对体外培养的人T淋巴细胞的生长增生有明显的抑制作用,对T淋巴细胞合成分泌的细胞因子IL-2和肿瘤坏死因子也有明显的抑制效应。孙天佑[5]等的研究表明,铝具有生殖毒性,可干扰小鼠的正常生成及发育,损伤雄性生殖细胞染色体。DFP作为新型铝螯合剂具有口服效果好、毒副作用低的特点,能促进家兔体内铝的排出[6]。本实验在以往研究的基础上,进一步探讨DFP对荷铝大鼠脾脏及附睾中铝的促排作用,对锌、铜、铁、钙、镁等必需元素的影响,从微量元素的角度研究DFP对荷铝大鼠免疫系统及生殖系统的影响。

本研究结果表明,铝摄入量过多可使铝在脾脏及附睾中蓄积,DFP能显著排出大鼠脾脏及附睾中的铝,且能使铝含量恢复至正常生理水平。其机制可能是,铝在血液中主要与转铁蛋白结合,脾脏及附睾中有许多转铁蛋白受体,因此,铝容易沉积在这些部位,DFP作为铝螯合剂与转铁蛋白上的铝螯合,从而降低脾脏及附睾中的铝含量。

锌、铜、铁、钙、镁均为维持机体正常生命活动所必需的元素,对维持生命健康的整体平衡起着重要作用。本实验结果显示,随着脾脏中铝含量的增加,铜含量逐渐降低,给予DFP后可使铜含量逐渐恢复至阴性对照水平,而脾脏中锌、铁、钙、镁等元素的含量未见明显改变。染铝后大鼠附睾中锌含量降低,铜含量虽有升高,但与阴性对照比较无统计学意义,与文献报道[7]的小鼠经腹腔注射给药后,附睾中锌、铜含量分别下降和上升一致,给予DFP后可使附睾中降低的锌含量恢复至正常生理水平,且不影响铜、铁、钙、镁的含量。

参考文献

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[2]Yokel R A. Aluminum chelation principles and recent advances[J]. Coord Chem Rev, 2002, 228(2): 97-113.

[3]Sharma P, Ahmad Shah Z, Kumar A, et al. Role of combined administration of Tiron and glutathione against aluminum-induced oxidative stress in rat brain[J]. J Trace Elements Med Biol, 2007, 21(1): 63-70.

[4]韦小敏,陆继培,王清海,等. 三氯化铝对体外培养的人T淋巴细胞的免疫毒性[J]. 中华预防医学杂志,2001,35(3):213-214.

[5]孙天佑,刘志艳,白桂花. 氯化铝对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的遗传毒性的研究[J]. 山西医学院学报,1994,25(2):138-140.

[6]Liu P, Cui X, Wu S D, et al. The combined effects of the chelating agent deferiprone, ascorbic acid and mesna on urinary aluminum excretion in rabbits[J]. Trace Elements Electrolytes, 2003, 20(1): 79-82.

[7]刘延敏,娄桂芹,韩刚,等. 三氯化铝对小鼠附睾锌铜元素含量的影响[J]. 哈尔滨医科大学学报,2005,39(4):373-374.

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