定语从句要点回顾

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纵观近几年高考英语试卷，几乎每套试卷都有对定语从句的考查，由此可见定语从句是高考的必考语法项目之一。下面对高中阶段的定语从句用法及考点作一归纳。

其实，分析多年来的高考试卷，我们不难发现对于定语从句的考查主要集中在同位语从句与定语从句的辨别和关系词的选择上。对于这个问题我们需要注意以下几个方面。

一、定语从句和同位语从句的区别

定语从句和同位语从句的相似之处在于结构相同，都为“名词+从句”结构。不同之处有三点。同位语从句所修饰的是一些有限的抽象名词,如:hope, idea, news, order, fact, question, belief, truth, doubt, conclusion 等,但定语从句没有这方面的限制。that 引导定语从句且充当一定的语法成分,所以从句中肯定缺主语、宾语、表语或介词的宾语,是对前面的名词的修饰或限定；但that 引导的同位语从句是对前面名词内容的说明,that是起引导作用,不充当任何成分,所以从句不缺任何成分。where, when, why引导定语从句时,意思与先行词的意思基本相同,没有疑问的意思,但引导同位语从句时表示 “在哪儿”, “什么时候”, “为什么”,有疑问的意思。如：

The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

This is the fact that you must know clearly.

二、关系代词as的用法

1.当先行词被the same, such修饰时,关系代词用as。如：

Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstormasfew citizens had ever experienced before.

2.当关系代词代替整个句子,且从句放在句子的最前面时,关系代词只能用as。常见的用as作关系代词的固定结构有:as is wellknown to all of us, as has been said above, as we know, as has been pointed out, as has been proved, as is often the case，as has been announced/reported... 如:

Asis often the case, he didn’t study hard and failed to pass the test.

三、“介词+关系代词”结构

当介词放在关系代词前面时,绝大多数情况下关系代词只有两个，即whom(指人)和which(指物)，有时也用whose和关系副词。判定关系代词前面的介词有三条原则。

1.看先行词与介词的常规搭配。如：

Miss Bell joined the searchandrescue team when she was 14, the youngest ageat whichone can be admitted.

2.看从句中谓语动词常规搭配的介词。如：

There is hardly an environment on earthto whichsome species of animals or other have not adapted successfully.

3.看先行词与从句的逻辑关系。如：

Learning another language is like stepping out of the door,through whichI can look back and see more clearly my own language.

四、非限制性定语从句的特殊结构

先行词+名词/数词/代词/the+形容词的比较级+of+ whom/which，在这结构中常用的代词有:any, neither, either, both, each, a few, most, some, many, few, one, the first等。

The newlybuilt cafe, the wall ofwhichare painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us.

五、定语从句中的主谓一致问题

关系词在从句中作主语时，谓语一般要与先行词保持一致，需要注意的是：one of +复数名词(先行词)+关系代词(作主语)+复数谓语动词；the only one of +复数名词(先行词)+关系代词(作主语)+单数谓语动词。如：

He is one of the studentswho areinto computer games.

He is the only one of the studentswho isinto computer games.

总之， 定语从句是英语学习中见得最多、用得最广的从句之一。只要学生能正确分析定语从句、理清语法结构、理解句子含义，定能提高解题能力。