掌握技巧 提高能力
开篇：润墨网以专业的文秘视角，为您筛选了一篇掌握技巧 提高能力范文，如需获取更多写作素材，在线客服老师一对一协助。欢迎您的阅读与分享！
一、课标要求
义务教育阶段《英语课程标准》在基础教育阶段英语课程的任务中明确提出“使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合语言运用能力。”课标对初中毕业生应达到的读的技能做了明确的要求：
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6、能利用字典等工具书进行学习；
7、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。
二、 题型特点
中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生对书面语言的理解能力，着重考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力。考查的阅读技能包括理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意以及推断或理解作者的态度和意图等。从文章的体裁上来看中考中阅读理解的体裁是很多样的，有记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等。从题材上看也很丰富，有小故事、日常生活、学习技巧、文化习俗、名人轶事等和学生生活密切相关的各种题材。
近年来全国各地的中考阅读理解题大致可以分为两种形式，第一种形式是客观阅读题，即选择题，通常是给出四个选项，请考生选出一个正确的答案；第二种形式是任务型阅读，任务型阅读是近年来中考中出现的新的题型，考查的比重在逐步加大，形式也很多样，有阅读以后回答问题、填写表格、完成短文等多种形式。
三、 考点举要
1、客观阅读题。
中考中客观阅读部分的题目通常是以四选一的选择题形式出现，从考点上看会涉及到细节理解题、主旨大意题、猜测词义题和判断推理题这四种类型。
细节理解题是考查考生把握文章的事实和细节的能力。这类题目大多数是针对文章的细节而设计的，考察该文章中有关事件发生的具体细节的题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件、方式等。在设问上常以what, when, who, where, why, how, how old, how many和how long提问。如：
（2007年威海市）
52. What were the two captains doing when the ship was sinking?
A. They were fixing up their boats.
B. They were pulling people out of water.
C. They were talking with each other over the radio.
D. They were drawing the fishing net out of the water.
53. How many people on the sinking boat lost their lives?
A. None.B. One.C. Two.D. We don't know.
主旨大意题考查考生掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落或短文的主题、主题思想、标题、作者想要表达的意图等。其主要提问方式有What is the main idea of this passage?What does the passage want to tell us? What does the writer actually want to say? Which is the proper title according to the passage? 等。如：
（2007年成都市）
71. In this passage, the writer mainly wants to tell us that_________.
A. pigs are always very silly, dirty and greedy
B. pigs are as clever as monkeys and dolphins
C. people's ideas about pigs are not always correct
（2007年 南京市）
60. Which is the best title(标题) of the article?
A. British And Chinese Cultures
B. The Beginning Of Tea And Coffee
C. Coffeehouses And Business
D. English Tea And Coffee Culture
猜测词义题考查考生根据上下文猜测生词含义的能力。这类题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。如：
（2007年 辽宁省）
100. The underlined word "capture" in this passage means_________.
A. 拍摄B. 感受C. 抓住D. 控制
（2007年 乐山市）
54. What's the meaning of the word "book"?
A. Order.B. Win.C. Earn.D. Sell
判断推理题考查考生推理、判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有直接的答案，需要考生在理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。如：
（2007年宁波市）
51. From the passage, we know we can_________to help ourselves relax if we feel a little nervous.
A. tell ourselves not to be nervous
B. ask the teacher for help
C. go out for a walk
D. take a few deep breaths
（2007年福州市）
60. The passage above is probably from_________.
A. a story-bookB. a dictionary
C. a newspaperD. an advertisement
2、任务型阅读。
任务型阅读是课改以来出现的新的主观阅读题型，它要求考生根据题目要求完成不同的任务，这类题型在对考生的能力要求上比客观阅读要高，需要考生在理解的基础上根据要求加工、整合信息。如：
（2007年沈阳市）
阅读短文，然后按要求完成第 81 ― 85 小题。
A
Last Friday, after doing all the family shopping in town, I wanted to have a rest before catching the train. I bought a newspaper and some chocolate and went into the station coffee shop. It was a cheap self-service place with long tables to sit at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, put the newspaper and chocolate on the table and then(A) 去要一杯咖啡.
When I came back with the coffee, there was someone sitting in the next seat. It was a boy,with dark glasses and old clothes, and his hair was coloured bright red at the front. He had started to eat my chocolate!
Naturally, I was rather uneasy about him, but I didn't want to have any trouble. I just looked down at the front page of the newspaper, tasted my coffee and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me closely. Then he took a second piece of my chocolate. I could hardly believe it. （B）Still I didn't say anything to him. When he took a third piece, I felt more angry than uneasy. I thought, "Well, I shall have the last piece." And I got (C) it.
The boy gave me a strange look, then stood up. As he left he shouted out, "There's something wrong with that woman!" Everyone looked at me, but I did not want to quarrel with the boy, so I kept quiet. I did not realize that I had made mistake until I finished my coffee and was ready to leave. My face turned red when I saw my unopened chocolate (D)_________the newspaper. The chocolate that I had been eating was the boy's!
81. 将划线部分A 译成英语_________。
82. 将划线部分B 改写为 Still I__________________to him.
83. 文中能替代划线部分C 的短语是_________。
84. 在D的空白处填入一个适当的词语__________________。
85. 文中描写男孩目光神情的词语是__________________。
（参考答案：81. went to get a cup of coffee82．said nothing 83.the last piece84. under 85. closely, strange ）
四、 备考策略
在备考中考生应在教师的指导下，根据中考对初中毕业生的考查要求进行有针对性的训练。在阅读中养成先看问题，带着问题通读全文的习惯。阅读过程中碰到生词可以通过上下文语境进行猜测，有些和解题无关的生词可以忽略。要特别针对自己的薄弱环节进行训练，如果是细节题经常错，那么每次做类似的题目时都要在原文中把相应的句子勾画出来；如果是整体概括题经常错，就要有意识地锻炼自己找文章的中心句和每一段的主题句（可以参照语文阅读中的相应做题方法），把这些句子结合在一起来概括文章的中心大意，切不可根据刚刚读过的最后一段来做此类题目。
在复习期间要重视阅读，扩大阅读范围，仅凭考生积累的阅读方法和技巧去应试，不能取得理想的效果。在考前加强泛读、精读训练的同时，增加一些与阅读理解技巧有关的指导，这既有利于考生英语全面素质的提高，也符合中考阅读理解题的应试要求。