试析在《爱情公寓》中由违背合作原则所造成的幽默效果

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摘要：语言幽默作为一种语用现象，受到了很多研究者的关注，成为语用学的研究热点之一，其研究语料不仅包括日常对话，而且也包括影视作品中的语言。2009年开播至今的《爱情公寓》其中的幽默和喜剧效果在很大程度上是违反合作原则而造成的。本文将以该剧中的典型对白为研究材料，分析违反合作原则所产生的幽默效果。

关键词：会话幽默；合作原则；违背；爱情公寓

1. Conversational Implicature and Cooperative Principle

The theory of conversational implicature was originally suggested by Herbert Paul Grice， an Oxford philosopher. The earliest written reference to this theory was mentioned in his 1961 article The Causal Theory of Perception. It is in his 1975 paper that Grice first noted that there were apparent divergences between the logical devices and their language counterparts. So he turned immediately to the question of the general conditions on conversation， and subtitles these conditions “implicature”.

Grice identifies as guidelines of four basic maxims of conversation or general principles underlying the efficient cooperative use of language which jointly expresses a general Cooperative Principle.

2. Alysis of humorous dialogues caused by violation of CP

Many dialogues in Apartment with love are humorous and are good examples for violation of CP. Here are some examples

A. Violation of the Maxim of Quantity

The maxim of Quantity shows that the participants in a conversation should make their contribution as informative as is required （for the current purposes of exchange）； and do not make their contribution more informative than is required. If they do so， they are considered to violate the maxim of Quantity.

Example 1

Meijia： I hate you. I curse you to eat clay oven rolls with the beer lid， eat won-ton with mothballs， and let your mobile phone fall into the collection box but not be taken out.

美嘉：我讨厌你，我诅咒你吃烧饼吃出啤酒盖儿，吃馄饨吃出樟脑丸，去青松观烧香，手机掉到功德箱里拿不出来了。

She wants to express her hate. She uses a number of unrelated words， which violates the maxim of quantity. Because information is not required. But by these humorous parallel sentences， it makes dialogues interesting.

B. Violation of the Maxim of Quality

That one violates the maxim of Quality may say something he or she believes to be false or lack adequate evidence. In accordance with Grice’s （1989） study on the violation of the first maxim of Quality， all the examples he presents are traditional figures of speech like metaphor， hyperbole and irony.

Example 2

Guangu： Wu Ji is an affectional movie，is not it？

Ziqiao： Ha！ You do not understand movie at all！ Wu Ji is a thriller movie！