由两道高考题聚焦none的用法
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在历年的高考试题中， none作为代词的考点时有涉及。在2012年的试卷中，又有四份考卷考查了该语法点。作为最佳答案选项的是下面两题：
（江西卷）23.My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
【答案】B
【解析】none， neither用来指代前面提到过的人或物；no one， nothing 前面可以没有所指代的人或物。店里通常表很多，没有一块可以买，表是前面提到过的，有一个特定的范围，故选none。句意为：我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里没有一块可以买。
（江苏卷）23.Sophia waited for a reply， but came.
A. either B. another C. neither D. none
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：Sophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否定意义的代词，所以排除A项和B项。neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。再根据前半句中的“a reply”可知，答案选none。
一、none与 no one/ nobody及 nothing
No one/nobody用来指人，作主语时谓语动词为单数形式；nothing用来指物，作主语时谓语动词也应为单数形式；none 既可指人也可指物，“none+of+可数名词复数、代词或单数集体名词”作主语时，谓语动词为单数形式或复数形式均可；“none+ of+ 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词为单数形式。例如：
1.No one likes a recent movie called The Silent War starring Tony Leung.
2.Nothing is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.
3.None of them（the recognized brands）was/ were listed among the top100 in the Asia-Pacific region except Beijing Tong Ren Tang， Master Kong and Haier.
4.None of her family has/ have been to college.
5.None of this money belongs to me.
以下几种情况，也应加以区别：
*none可以和 of连用，而 no one/ nobody及 nothing却不可以。例如：None of the students could answer the question.
*none 可用来简略回答“How many/ much...”问句，而no one/ nobody及nothing 可分别用来简略回答“Who...？”和“What...？”问句。例如：
①—How many gold medals did Greece win at London 2012？
—None.
②—What’s in your ipad3？
—Nothing.
③—Who（m） did you see enter the deserted house？
—Nobody/ No one.
*none 用来回答含“any+名词”的一般疑问句，而 nobody 和 nothing则分别用来回答含“anybody”和“anything”的一般疑问句。例如：
①—Are there any other judges in the Voice of China《中国好声音》？
—No， there are none.
②—Is there any caffe latte（拿铁） left in the bottle？
—No， none at all.
③—Is there anybody in the swimming pool？
—No， nobody there.
④—Did she have anything else to say for herself at the court？
—No， nothing else.
*none用来指代前面提到过的人或物，no one/ nobody及nothing 前面可以没有所指代的人或物。例如：
①He has a twin brother，but I have none. （none 指代 a twin brother）
②—Let’s finish off the rest of the watermelon.
—None for me， thanks. I’ve had more than enough.（none指代watermelon）
③They looked around， but could see nobody on a dark night.
④We listened， but could hear nothing in the bushes.
二、 none与not all/ all...not
not all/ all...not 表示三者或三者以上的部分否定，而 none表示三者或三者以上的全部否定。例如：
1.Not all the people are in favor of Liu Xiang’s performance at the London Olympics.（=All the people are not in favor of Liu Xiang’s performance at the London Olympics.）
2.None of their fans believe that they match in many ways， such as height， wealth， status and personal taste.
三、none but... 与 nobody but... 及 nothing but...
它们在意思上都相当于only，“仅仅，只有”。 none but...可指人也可指物，在句中作主语时谓语动词用单、复数形式均可；nobody but...，nothing but... 在句中作主语时，谓语动词均为单数形式。例如：
1.None but fools has/ have believed it.
2.None but those dedicated teachers in the rural areas deserve（s） his respect.
3.Nobody but he is often late for school.
4.Nothing but life is the most valuable to us in the world.
四、second to none 独一无二的，最好的
As a badminton men’s singles player， Lin Dan is second to none at the 2012 Olympics absolutely. （Nobody is a better badminton men’s singles player than Lin Dan is at the 2012 Olympics absolutely.）
五、None of...！ 不要……！不可……！
None of your interruption！ 不要插嘴！
None of your business！ 不关你的事！
六、none other than 与 no other than
此结构的意思是：“（强调出乎意料的人或事）不是别人，正是……，竟然”，英语中，最常使用的是none other than。例如：
It was none other than Singer Yoga Lin.
Her first customer was none other than Kobe from US Dream Team.
在正式英语中，也可以使用no other than代替none other than：
It was no/ none other than my supervisor， Professor Zhang from East China Normal University.
七、have/ want none of sth 拒绝接受；什么也不要
I offered to pay but he was having none of it.
【聚焦其它常用结构中的none】
八、none the +形容词比较级+（for...） 一点也没有……
Vera Wang seems none the worse for her past marriage experience. She is dating with the winter Olympic champion figure skater.
九、none too+adj./adv. 一定不会（太过）……， 绝不，不怎么
It’s none too soon if you leave now.
She was looking none too pleased at the pleasing news.
十、none the less=nonetheless 然而，尽管如此
None the less whether from a historical or legal perspective， the Diaoyu Islands belong to China.
None the less it is one of the most powerful weapons the workers possess.
练一练：
1.—Wow！You’ve got so many clothes.
—But _______ of them are in fashion now.
A. all B. both C. neither D. none
2.—How do you find your new classmates？
—Most of them are kind， but ______ is so good to me as Bruce.
A. none B. no one C. every one D. some one
3.Every possible means has been tried， but _____ proved to be successful.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. little
4.—Did _____ pass the final examination？
—No， ______. Some of us failed.
A. everybody； not all B. anybody； no one
C. everybody； none D. anybody； not all
5.______ but fools will believe what he said.
A. None B. Nothing
C. Anything D. Everything
6.My car is none ______ for the accident.
A. the bad B. much worse
C. enough worse D. the worse
Key：D A B A A D
（作者单位：江苏省上冈高级中学）