基于HFSS的不同馈电贴片天线小型化的研究
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摘要：分析贴片天线工作原理，通过推导公式计算出天线参数，运用Ansoft公司的有限元分析软件HFSS优化修正参数的设置。并分析在不同的的馈电方式以及不同的介质材料下贴片天线在S参数，带宽，占用面积以及增益等参数。背馈式贴片天线拥有较宽带宽，占用面积较小，阻抗匹配也较好，而侧馈式天线方向性好，增益较大。在选择材料时采用硅基底比FR4有较低S参数和较小的占用面积，但是方向性较弱。
关键词：贴片天线；HFSS；带宽；S参数；增益
中图分类号：TN828文献标识码：A文章编号：1009-3044(2012)16-4013-04
Investigation of Difference Feed Patch Antenna Miniaturization Based on HFSS
LU Lu
(Shool of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China)
Abstract: Analysis the operating principle of the patch antenna, deduce formulars to calculate the antenna parameter, use the Ansoft’s HFSS finite element analysis software to amend and optimize the parameters. And research the divergence of the S parameter, bandwidth, area used and gain when we impel the antenna in different position with different dykanol. Back fed patch antenna has a wider relative and absolute bandwidth, smaller footprint and impedance matching is also better, the side-fed antenna has superior directivity and gain. If we choice the silicon as the material of substrate will have a lower S parameter and a smaller area used than FR4, but the directivity is weak.
Key words: patch antenna; HFSS; bandwidth; S parameter; gain
微带贴片天线是在有金属接地板的介质基片上沉积或贴附所需形状金属构成的天线，它使用微带贴片作为辐射源，一般应用在1至50GHz的频率范围，有体积小，重量轻，低剖面，能与载体共形，电性能多样化，易集成，馈电方式灵活，便于获得线极化和圆极化等优点[1]。常用的一类微带天线是在一个薄介质基(如聚四氟乙烯玻璃纤维压层)上，一面附上金属薄层作为接地板，另一面用光刻腐蚀等方法作出一定形状的金属贴片，利用微带线和轴线探针对贴片馈电，这就构成了微带天线。这两种天线根据其馈电方式不同，前者为侧馈式微带天线，后者为背馈式微带天线。
该文主要研究了两种馈电方式的微带天线在激励为2.45GHz时的电磁场分布，对其性能进行了比较分析。
该文主要建立了三个贴片天线的模型，对其进行了理论分析，并运用Ansoft公司的HFSS软件对其进行了仿真分析，并对其优缺点进行了比较，根据对其各项性能的需要，从天线增益、带宽或者阻抗匹配的角度选择合适的材料和馈电方式，得出结论是背馈式在小型化方面由于侧馈式，也可以才用高介质材料的基片来缩小尺寸。随着天线技术的发展，贴片天线的应用领域也会变得越来越广泛。
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