识字教学的见解

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识字写字是学生语文学习的基本任务。我深知一个孩子在接受启蒙教育时识字数量的多少、质量的高低会对他今后的继续学习产生直接的影响。无论是一年级的教材，还是二年级的教材，基本上每课要求会认的生生都在十个字以上，要求会写的字至少也有五六字，面对这么庞大的识字量，而一节课的时间又只有短短的四十分钟，又该如何提高学生的识字效率？几年的工作经验，让我得出的结论：激发孩子识字兴趣，教给孩子识字方法，培养孩子识字能力。我们常说：兴趣是最好的老师。如果孩子知道掌握汉字的重要性，并对识字产生积极的兴趣，他就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能自觉地去学习并掌握汉字的音、形、义。

兴趣是调动学生积极思维、探求知识的内在动力，有了兴趣，学习就不是一种负担，而是一种享受。在教学实践中，要注意选择适合儿童年龄特征的话题，激发学生学习汉字的兴趣，使之乐意学，充分调动学生多方面的感官，让他们动起来，运用起来，在多方感官的协调配合下，更好地进行识字，更好地提高识字效率。首先让双手动起来。课前可布置学生去预习生字，在家长的配合下（可预防学生出现错别字），动手制作生字卡。生字卡可这样制作：一面写上带有拼音的生字，另一面写上去掉拼音的生字，这样，学生在动手做一做，写一写的过程上就获得对生字的初步认识。由于课上在教师的帮助下，学生已经积累了一些有关生字的词汇，课后，再让学生把带有拼音的生字擦掉，变换成词卡，这样既能巩固识字又能积累一定的词汇，为今后的写作打好基础。通过制作字卡，一举三得，何乐而不为呢？其次，让眼睛、耳朵和嘴巴动起来。课堂上，在教师有力的引导下，学生通过找一找，画一画，听一听，评一评，读一读等形式先进行自主学习，然后在多种形式的反复朗读中，学生就能对生字比较理性地认识，对本课所学的生字也能识记牢固。

识字教学中我是这样做的：先引导学生观察情境图，让他们产生读书的欲望，在反复朗读中掌握生字读音、认识字形，接着我就问学生：“今天我们要学习这几个生字，看谁最聪明？自己动脑筋想出最好的记忆方法，请你告诉大家。”这样一问，同学们兴趣盎然，马上就开始在大脑中寻找答案，提出了许多不同的记忆方法：“熟字加笔画”、“形近字对比”、“同音字”、“熟字去偏旁”、“拆部件”、“减笔画”……如学习“天”字，有的说“大”字加一横就是天；有的说“人”字加两横就是天；有的说“夫”字不出头就是天。学习“园”字时，有的说是在“元”字外面加上围墙“口”就是“园”，从而明白“校园、公园”是有围墙的，以区别“元、园”的用法。学习“爱”字，学生把它拆成“、冖、友”，我配上儿歌“爪字头，秃宝盖，小朋友，真可爱”，这样学生很快就记住了生字。

在阅读中识字，为了帮助学生更好、更多地进行识字，这学期，我利用班队课举办了一个“有书大家看，好书共分享”的主题活动，然后在班级里设置了一个图书角，要求每个学生都从家里拿来一本自己较喜欢的书，挂在图书角里，大家可以利用课余时间进行阅读，这样学生既能在快乐的阅读中巩固学过的生字，也能在快乐的阅读中自主地进行识字。然而在我们的教学实践中，存在着一个普遍的现象，那就是生字回生的问题比较严重，今天所学的生字，学生掌握了，但是到了明天，或者过了几天，等到考试的时候，学生又给忘得一干二净了。解决这个问题没有捷径可走，只有不断地巩固，不断地复现。上课的时候，我们不要急着进入新课，一定要把每节课的前几分钟留出来用在复习生字上，及时把前一天或前几开刚学过的生字认读认读，对于学生普遍难记的生字，可以连续几天都拿出来和学生见见面，让学生认读，这样才能不断地加深记忆。除了在教师的带领下不断地巩固认字外，还有一个办法得靠学生自己，让他们根据自己的实际情况，把自己比较容易忘记的生字写在一个小本子上，经常拿出来看一看，读一读，同样也能削弱生字“回生”的现象。

识字教学中，通过各种途径和方法，学生从中感受到学习和创造带来的快乐，变“要我学”为“我要学”，不但确立了学生的主体地位，培养了他们自主学习的能力，满足了他们的成功欲，而且还能在他们不断的“新发现”中激发他们的创新能力。