定语从句引导词的区分
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一、who与that指人时的用法区别
例1 And then Mary，______ we had been talking about earlier，walked in.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
分析：答案为C。当先行词指人时，要用who/whom或that来引导定语从句。that虽然可用于指人，但不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。
2.当先行词是one，ones，anyone，those或被those修饰，且指人时，习惯用who；指物时，只能用that。
例2 Those ______ want to go please sign their names here.
A. whom B. which C. who D. that
分析：答案为C。本句的先行词是those，且指人，因此用who来引导此定语从句。
3.在 all，little，few，much，anything，everything，nothing等先行词之后多用 that。
例3 I hope that the little ______ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which B. what C. that D. when
分析：答案为C。当先行词是表示事物的all，little，few，much，anything，everything， nothing等时，多用that引导定语从句。
二、who，whom与whose的区别
如果先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who引导，作宾语用whom引导。whose作定语，指人、指物都可以。
例4 I saw some trees ______ leaves were black with disease.
A. its B. whose C. his D. the
分析：答案为B。用作关系代词的 whose 与 who/whom不一样，它不仅可以指人，也可以指物，一般在从句中作定语。当先行词为物时，引导定语从句的“whose+n.”也可以换成“the+n.+of which”或“of which+the+n.”。
三、which和that的区别
1.which指物，且可用于引导非限制性定语从句。
例5 The humans are destroying nature day by day，______ of course，will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who B. when C. on which D. which
分析：答案为D。因为先行词指代前面整个主句，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以用which。此句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，of course是插入语。
2.that可指人，也可指物，不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。
例6 The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ______ were popular then.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
分析：答案为B。当先行词同时指人和事物时，要用关系代词that引导。
注意：（1）只能用that，不能用which引导定语从句的情况：先行词是all，much，few，little，none，something，nothing，anything，the one等不定代词时；先行词是数词或被序数词（含last）修饰时；先行词被形容词最高级修饰或被only，very，few，little，no，all等修饰时；先行词既有人也有物时；以who，which开头的问句；关系代词在从句中作表语时。
（2）宜用which，不宜用that引导定语从句的情况：关系代词前有介词时；在非限制性定语从句中。
四、which与whose作定语时的区别
which与whose均可以在定语从句中作定语，但是which一般只用在非限制性定语从句中，仅指物；“whose+n.”与先行词不表示同一事物或情况，whose在定语从句中作定语，可指人和物。如：
例7 George Orwell，______ was Eric Arthur Blair，wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
分析：答案为D。根据句中的标点符号可知，主句被分隔，两个逗号之间的部分是附加说明成分，是一个非限制性定语从句。关系词在从句中作前置定语，所以用whose。
例8 There were two buildings，______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.