Units 7-8易混词语辨析

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1.voice,noise,sound

【辨析】这三个词均可译为“声音”,但意思稍有区别。voice一般指人的说话声、歌声或笑声,也可用于指鸟鸣声或一些拟人化的声音。例如:

The girl has a beautiful voice.

那女孩嗓音很美。

They are talking in low voices.

他们在小声交谈。

noise意为“噪音”“喧哗声”,常指音量大,不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。例如:

Don’t make any noise!

别吵!

The noise woke me up.

喧哗声吵醒了我。

sound泛指任何可听到的声音。例如:

I heard the sound of the bell.

我听见了铃声。

Light travels much faster than sound.

光的传播速度比声音快得多。

【跟踪练习】根据句意,用voice, noise或sound填空,补全句子。

1. Very loud _____ can make people ill.

2. Please speak in a loud ____.

3. He heard the _____ in the next room and got up.

4. The _____ wakes me every night. Would you please not do this?

Key: 1. noise2. voice3. sound4. noise

2. at all, not at all

【辨析】at all意为“完全” “全然”,与not, no, nothing, nobody, nowhere等表示否定意思的词连用,用来加强否定的程度。例如:

She doesn’t like eggs at all.

她根本不喜欢吃鸡蛋。

There is nothing in the room at all.

房间里面根本没什么东西。

not at all用来回答对方表示感谢或道歉的话,意为“别客气”,主要用于英式英语中,相当于“That’s all right”或“You’re welcome”等。美式英语中常用“You’re welcome”表达这一意思。例如:

―Thank you very much for your help.

―Not at all. / That’s all right. / You’re welcome.

――非常感谢你的帮助。

――别客气。

【跟踪练习】根据句意,用at all 或not at all 填空,补全句子。

1. ―Thank you very much.

―____.

2. We are not tired ____.

3. ―Would you mind me sitting here?

―____.

4. There’s nothing to worry about ____.

Key: 1. Not at all 2. at all 3. Not at all 4. at all

3. allow, let

【辨析】这两个动词都有“允许”“让”的含义,但它们的用法有所区别。allow表示“允许某人做某事”是比较正式的说法, allow 后面跟带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。allow 后面还可以跟名词或动词的-ing 形式作宾语。例如:

They’ll never allow such behavior.

他们决不会允许这样的行为。

The students at school aren’t allowed to smoke.

在校生是不允许抽烟的。

We don’t allow smoking here.

我们不允许在这儿抽烟。

let意为“允许、让”,后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。一般不用于被动语态。例如:

She doesn’t let children play until they finish their homework.

孩子们做完功课后她才允许他们去玩。

It’s a fine day today! Let’s go fishing, shall we?

今天天气多好啊!咱们去钓鱼好吗?

【跟踪练习】根据句意,用allow 或let 填空,补全句子。

1. Don’t ____ it get into your bed.

2. You mustn’t____ such things to happen.

3. After he was questioned he was ____ to go home.

4. Could you ____ me see your passport?

Key: 1. let 2. allow 3. allowed 4. let

4. drop, fall

【辨析】drop既可作及物动词,表示“掉下来”某一物体,或故意“跌倒”,也可作不及物动词,表示“掉下、落下”。例如:

He dropped his shoes on the floor.

他把鞋子扔在地上。

She was very tired and dropped herself into the chair.

她非常累,重重地往椅子上一坐。 (不说fell into the chair)

fall作不及物动词,表示“掉下”“落下”与drop作不及物动词用法相同,可互换。例如:

The glass fell /dropped out of her hand.

杯子从她手里掉了下来。

【跟踪练习】根据句意,用drop 或fall 填空,补全句子。

1. George _____ off the ladder yesterday.

2. Wang Li _____ her ticket on the ground.

3. Be careful on the ice, or you will _____.

4. He was just _____ asleep when there was a knock on the door.

Key: 1. fell 2. dropped 3. fall 4. falling

5. advice, suggestion

【辨析】两者都可以表示“建议”,但用法有所不同, advice为不可数名词,一般指带有指导性的“意见”或“劝告”,如教师对学生的“指教”和医生对患者的“嘱咐”等。例如:

You wouldn’t have made the mistake if you had followed his advice.

你要是听了他的忠告,就不会犯这个错误了。

If you take my advice,you will make rapid progress.

如果你接受我的意见,你就能取得长足的进步。

Did you ask for your teacher’s advice on it?

关于这个问题,你征求老师的意见了吗?

suggestion是可数名词,指对某件事或某个问题尤其是为改进工作或解决困难等而提出的“意见”或“建议”。这种“意见”或“建议”并非一定正确或有价值。与advice 相比,它的语气较为委婉。例如:

Suggestions are welcome.

欢迎指导。

He did it at my suggestion.

他是根据我的建议做的。

【跟踪练习】根据句意,用advice 或suggestion 填空,补全句子。

1. It is a good piece of ____.

2. Take my ____ and you will get out of your trouble.

3. The ____ was accepted by most people.

4. We welcome any ____ that helps to improve our work.

5. It is important for patients to follow their doctors’ ____.

6. At the ____ of his friends he changed his mind and agreed to stay there for the weekend.

Key: 1. advice 2. advice/ suggestions

3. suggestion 4. suggestion5. advice

6.suggestion(s)

6. asleep, sleepy

【辨析】asleep和sleepy都是形容词,均与“睡”有关,但用法有所不同。asleep只能用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着”“睡熟”的意思。be asleep 表示“睡着”的状态。如果要表示“入睡”这一动作,就用fall asleep。例如:

He was asleep in the next room.

他在隔壁房间里睡着了。

He was fast asleep,I couldn’t wake him up.

他睡得很熟,我喊不醒他。

sleepy用作表语时,意为“瞌睡”“困乏”;用作定语时,是“贪睡”的意思,修饰表示地点的名词时,意为“静寂”。例如:

The child was so sleepy that his head was nodding.

这孩子困了,他在打盹儿了。

He is a sleepy head.

他是一个贪睡的人。

【跟踪练习】根据句意,用asleep或sleepy 填空,补全句子。

1. Is the baby still ____?

2. Jenny felt ____ all day.

3. He couldn’t fall ____ last night.

4. This is a ____ little village.

Key:1. asleep/ sleepy 2. sleepy 3. asleep 4.sleepy

7. instead, instead of

【辨析】两者都可以表示“代替”,但用法有所不同。instead是副词,意为“代替”“顶替”,在句子中作状语,通常位于句尾。若放在句首时常用逗号与后面隔开。例如:

Give me this instead.

换这个给我吧。

If you have no time now,you may do it another day instead.

如果你现在没有时间,你可以改天做这件事。

instead of是复合介词,意为“代替”“而不”, 可用来连接两个对等的成分,可以是名词、形容词、副词、代词、动名词、不定式、介词短语、从句等。例如:

He will go to the meeting instead of me.

他将代替我去开会。

She went to school instead of staying at home.

她没有呆在家里而是去上学了。

They went there on foot instead of by bus.

他们没有乘公共汽车而是步行到那里去的。

【跟踪练习】根据句意,用instead 或instead of 填空,补全句子。

1. We are going to go over the text ____ doing the exercises.

2. Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai ____.

3. He is tired, let me do it ____.

4. Give me the red one ____ the green one.

5. Please stay here. I’ll go there ____.

Key: 1. instead of2. instead3. instead 4. instead of 5. instead

8. almost, nearly

【辨析】两者都可作“差不多”“几乎”讲。它们与动词、副词、形容词和名词连用时,常可通用。都可用于诸如all, every和everybody之类的词前,两个词都可用于动词的否定式前。比较起来,这两个词的含义略有不同。almost比nearly更靠近结果或目的地。例如:

He knew nearly/ almost all the answers.

所有的答案他几乎全知道。

almost可用于any和诸如no, none, nothing, nobody, never 等否定词之前,而nearly 不能与上面这些词连用。nearly前可加not。例如:

Almost no one took any rest.

几乎没有一个人休息过。

We are not nearly ready.

我们还没有准备好。

【跟踪练习】根据句意,用almost 或nearly 填空,补全句子。

1. There was ____ no snow that winter.

2. She’s ____ six feet tall.

3. The speaker said ____ nothing that was worth listening to.

4. ____ all the students went to the school.

5. They live ____ a kilometer from here.

Key: 1. almost2. nearly / almost3. almost 4. Almost / Nearly 5. nearly / almost