The influence of the foreign political system in China in the Internet era

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Abstract. The study of the network politics abroad was born in the 1990's. The network politics focuses on two major themes， that is， the effects of the network on the politics and the political problems of the network space. The influence of the network on the politics includes the influence of the network on the political systems and the political processes， and the influence on the political participation， as well as the influence on the international politics， and so on. The political problems of the network space involve the political nature of the network space， the power of the network space， and the network management and so on. In this paper， based on these two aspects， the author will discuss the influence of the foreign political system in china in the internet age.

Key words： Network era； foreign political system； information technology

At present， the development of the network information technology is making the mankind into the information society. According to the forecast of the International Telecommunication Union， by 2002 the global Internet users have reached 3 ～ 400 million， and the Internet popularization today will be wider. No doubt， the rapid expansion of the Internet will have a profound impact on the political life of mankind. Timely understanding and researching of the problem is an important and meaningful new subject. At present， the foreign scholars have begun to do research on this area， and the author only discusses the influence of the foreign political system in China in the network era.

1. The development of the research on

the network politics

In as early as 1983， the American famous Futurist Alwin Toffler （A. Toffler） in the book "Prediction and Premise" predicts that the mankind will enter the information politics era， and he drew people’s attention to the research of all kinds of political issues related to the information. Toffler said， "The information advances together with the power and is closely related to the politics. As we entered the information era of politics， this relationship will be deeper and deeper." This is the first to put forward the study of the western countries on the information politics or the network politics.

Entering the 90's of the twentieth century， the development of the network information technology has made a spurt progress and occupies more and more important position in the global media. The rapid development of the network leads to the transformation of the entire economic structure of the society， thus bringing some new problems in the political field. The research on these problems contributed to the rise of the network politics. In recent years some new words continue to emerge in the foreign media， such as the network politics， virtual politics， online politics， network space politics， and so on， all these refer to the study of the network politics. America is the birthplace of the global information revolution， and is also the network's fastest developing countries. As far as the research on the network politics， it is in the leading position in the world. In addition to the United States， all the western countries also strengthen the research of this aspect. According to the online statistics， the published works abroad studying the network politics have reached the number 10 copies. These works can be divided into two categories. One is the research of network politics from the macroscopic angle， mainly related to the influence of the network on the politics， including the influence of the network on the political system， political process and the political life， as well as on the international politics. Another kind is the study of the network politics from the microscopic point of view， mainly related to specific political issues in the network space， such as the network democracy， the power in the network space， the network governance， and so on.

2. The influence of the network on the

international politics

The influence of the development of the Internet information technology on the international politics is another topic for scholars to research. This study is launched mainly from the following aspects.

2-1. The influence of the network technology on the national sovereignty

The so-called national sovereignty refers to a country ruling out any foreign power in its territory， to enjoy full legislative power， the judicial power and the administrative power， and is not subjective to any foreign power in the field of international communication.

The scope of the national sovereignty includes the land and the resources. At the age of the network information， the concept of the state sovereignty has been quietly changing. The "information sovereignty" has become the main content of the concept of the state sovereignty， thus expanding the extension of the national sovereignty. It not only includes the land， sea and air of the original meaning， but also extends to the network information field that the naked eye cannot see. How to protect the information sovereignty of our nation has become a new problem facing the world.

2-2. The impact of the nation-state on the status in the international relations

The nation-state has been the basic unit of international politics since its inception， and bears the function of the external exercise of the sovereignty， and plays a leading role in the international affairs in a quite long historical period. In the 1990s， with the development of the network information technology and the advance of the globalization， more and more international roles emerged in the international community， and share the power in the international affairs. The individual country has appeared to be inadequate in the coordination and integration of the economic activities， including trades， labor welfare standards and consumer rights and so on. The progress of the information technology， especially the popularization of the Internet and the development of the electronic commerce is a good catalyst of the tendency of the globalization caused by the global economic integration， to make the subject status of the country in international relations weakened. How to maintain the national sovereignty and strengthen the national principal position in the international relations has become a new research topic.

2-3. The impact of network on international pattern

Fundamentally speaking， the international pattern is the relatively stable force situation of the main countries of the world and the national groups through the competition and contrast of the comprehensive national strength. The growth of the global networks will aggravate the two stage differentiation phenomenon in the international economy， thus having an impact on the current international situation. This is because in the competition of the comprehensive national strength of the modern world， the national information capability is very important. The America and the western developed countries implement the information hegemony by virtue of its information advantages in the globe， while most of the developing countries are in the "information poverty"， and are separated on the other side by the "digital divide". USA "Los Angeles Times" published "Behind the noisily propagandized combination： Hyper capitalism" in the January 13， 2000， which thinks that the world is evolving into two different civilizations： the people living in the world of the electronic network and the other people outside the network world. In the coming era， tremendous fission is undergone between the people whose life is more and more connected to the network with the people who are not involved in the new human experience. In the new era， the geopolitical political struggle in the increasing extent is around the local and global culture and the communication channels that carry the culture contents in the commercial patterns. How to narrow the "digital divide" between the developing and the developed countries are the urgent problems facing the developing countries.

3. The influence of the foreign political system in our country in the network times

3-1. Remodeling and renewal of the Party under the network age

In the information globalization of the Internet age， the political parties in the western countries get a lot of convenience and new opportunities for development. They innovate the inner-party democracy systems and the working methods with the use of the modern information technology， promote the electronic party affairs， ensure the right to know of the ordinary Party members， and promote the democracy of the Party life. They stimulate the party members’ participation， expand the coverage of the party propaganda， effectively include younger Party members or activists into the party organization， and ease the political indifference to a certain extent. And the use of the information network technology has greatly reduced the costs of the party operation and the publicity， and facilitates effective utilization of the resources of the parties.

The above are some changes of the political systems of the western countries in the age of the Internet， and we can get some inspiration and reference from their transition：

3-1-1. The development of the network technology is an irresistible trend， and the party must be timely strain， and use the assistant of the network to carry out the self-construction of the party. The rapid development of the emerging network affects the internal and external environment of the construction of the political party. Only when the political parties conform to the development trend of the social network， and explore the mechanism and methods to innovate the Party construction， can they improve the pertinence of the party building work， and achieve good results.

3-1-2. Use the modern network technology to serve the Party construction， and continue to explore the new idea of "the situation of the party". The Internet and the mobile phones， as the new information dissemination technology， have the characteristics of wide coverage， strong permeability， quick dissemination and two-way communication etc. In view of this， all parties in the world have made an effort to explore the mechanism practices to introduce the Internet and the mobile phone technology in the construction of the party. Especially some foreign political parties through the modern network expand the intra party democracy， and carry out the organization management and strengthen the supervision in the party， which is worth using for reference. But at the same time， the network relationship and the party construction have their own characteristics， advantages and appeal， and we will not stop at the foreign party experience， but must have the spirit of innovation， and use the advantages of the network to solve the current problems.

3-1-3. Objectively and dialectically make use of the network， and prevent the phenomenon of the "network media show" weakens the party functions and action abilities. The role played by the network in the service of the Party construction allows all doubt， but excessive reliance on the network as the tool of the party political propaganda and mobilization also will let some parties pay a heavy price， which is "success and failure also result from the network". In order to survive and seek development in the network society， these parties gave way of the party's election and decision-making authorities to the network， which has weakened the party’s election function and the propaganda function， and changed the power structures of the party， and weakened the party organizations at all levels especially the grassroots of the organizations， resulting in the decline of the sense of belonging of the Party members and the inflexibility of the social foundation. Therefore， the party using the network to strengthen the self-construction must be based on the network for the party， but should never let the network "pull" to walk.

3-2. The change of the ideology of the party in the network era

The western countries leading by the USA pursue their "universal norms of behavior" in the world， in order to realize their global hegemony. This kind of culture as a kind of powerful means with the minimum recessive and resistance also has a very important effect on the mainstream consciousness of our country. As we all know， the ideology is the ideological system that a certain social class or group consciously reflects the existing social relations based on their own fundamental interests， and the purpose is to establish or consolidate certain political systems to safeguard the fundamental interests of the classes or groups. We should attach great importance to the impact of the Internet on the ideological construction of our country， "do build， use and manage well the Internet"， improve the guiding force， the backbone force and the central force of the socialist ideology， and constantly enhance the cohesion and combat effectiveness， creativity， and inspiration of the party's ideological and theoretical work.

3-2-1. Enhance the guiding force. In the new situation of the profound transformation of the economic system， the profound changes of the social structures， the profound adjustment of the patterns of the interests， and the profound changes in the thinking， whether we can adhere to the correct direction， guide the public opinion effectively， and from the positive health upward public opinion environment is related to the feelings of the people， the success of our causes and the social harmony. In June 20， 2008， President Hu Jintao in the inspection in the People's Daily stressed， "We should put it in the prominent position to improve the guiding ability of the public opinions， and carry out in-depth research， and take practical measures， to achieve new results." Therefore， according to the status and trends of the continuous propagation and exploration of the network media， establish the correct concept of the network media， in-depth study the needs， constitution， psychology， behavior and other characteristics of the audiences， and consider the cognitive levels of the audiences of different levels. Take the network public opinion and the management means centered on the "persuasion" and supplemented by "plugging"， to "act tough and talk soft" to publicize the party's views and promote the social justice， defend， publicize， develop， and practice the socialist ideology， and integrate， criticize， and reconstruct various social trends of thoughts. Lead the leadees to identify， accept， and practice the core value system of the socialist， and improve the authority， credibility and influence of the guidance of the public opinions.

3-2-2. Improve the backbone. We must keep to the orientation of the advanced socialist culture， construct the network propaganda system that has the Chinese characteristics， and occupy the position of the network culture with the scientific thinking and the advanced culture. Establish and perfect the system covering the entire team construction， information management， daily operations and other aspects， and build a research， propaganda and education team with strong political， professional business， honest and upright， and strict discipline. Construct the main positions of research， publicity， and education of online socialist ideology， and ensure that the entire work leadership is firmly in the people who are loyal to the Marx doctrine， loyal to the party， and loyal to the people.

3-2-3. Improve the control force. Comrade Jiang Zemin pointed out， "Whether the maintenance and management of the information network security is done well or not is related to the development of the national economy， politics and culture， and is related to the national interests and security." We should try to establish and improve the regulations of the information network security system and the security pre-warning mechanism of the management system and ideology to effectively prevent harmful information spreading through the network， and we should especially develop， innovate and manage the core technology of the hardware and the software. Develop the software and monitoring systems to prevent and filter various reactionary and harmful information， timely find， and filter and remove the invasion and interference of harmful information， and resist the online illegal behaviors and the full penetration of the Internet ideology of western developed countries. We should spare no efforts to expand the Chinese online information resources， improve the Chinese information share in the net， and break the situation that the western culture dominates the network world， to implement the abilities to stand up as an equal with the western information dissemination.

4. Conclusion

The interests of the state determine the implementation of the national regime， and the nature of our socialism and people's democratic dictatorship， and the relationship between our party and the masses of the people and the implementation of the interests of the state decide that we cannot copy the foreign experience. China for a long term is in the period of strategic opportunity. At this time dominated by the economic development， the national interest decides that the economy cannot be hindered， so China's reform of the political systems in the network age should accord with the economic rhythm， which should not be too slow or too fast. Only when we find the political systems accord with the interests of the state and the national conditions can we go more solidly and firmly.

References

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