谈非谓语动词

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一、 在做题时要仔细辩析是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，这是做题的最根本出发点

例1. He entered the classroom，________the teacher.

A. followed B. following C. follows D. to follow

根据句子结构，前面是个句子，谓语动词是entered， 中间有一逗号隔开，所以应选B做伴随状语。

二、 辨析非谓语动词表示的动作和句子主语或它前面的名词关系

一般来说， ing分词表示主动或正在进行的动作，这时句子的主语或前面的名词是动作的发出者或者叫做分词的逻辑主语； ed分词表示被动或已经完成的动作；不定式则表示即将发生的动作或某一次的动作。

例2. Though________money， his parents managed to send him to the university.

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

lack是及物动词， his parents与lack之间是主谓关系，是动作的发出者，故选C。

例3. Most of the artists________to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited.

从题中名词即主语artists与invited是被动关系，又由were from South Africa可知party已开完，所以只有A项正确。

三、 辨析非谓语动词发生的时间

这里所说的时间就是指与句子的谓语动词发生的时间先后关系。常见的有两种关系： 1. 动作同时发生。 2. 分词的动作在句子的谓语动词动作之前发生。

例4. Charles baggage is generally considered________the first computer.

A. to invented B. inventing

C. to have invented D. having invented.

句中的the first computer暗示了invent这一动作发生在consider之前，又根据considerto do这一惯用法，所以应选不定式的完成式。

例5.________a reply， he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not

C. Not having received D. Having not received.

receive与主语he之间有逻辑上的主谓关系， again又暗示了分词的动作发生在write之前，故选C。

例6.________what to say， he stood there silently.

A. Not knowing B. Not having known

C. Known D. Not known

由题意可知，主语he与know之间是主动关系，排除C、D两项。 know这一动作与stood是表示同时发生的两动作，故正确答案为A

四、 关注分词作状语的逻辑主语问题

有这样一道题，涉及分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题：

例7. Finding her necklace stolen， .

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. it was looked for everywhere

C. she hurried to a policeman for help

D. the area was searched thoroughly

此题最佳答案选C， 因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语finding her necklace stolen的逻辑主语应是“她”，而不是a policeman， the area， it等，按照英语语法，在通常情况下，非谓语动词用作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致，所以最佳答案为D。 请再看类例：

例8. To improve English， .

A. the school needs a foreign teacher B. a good teacher is needed

C. a lot of practice is needed D. one must have a lot of practice

此题答案选D， 因为to improve English的逻辑主语应是one， 而不是其他。

例9.________many times， he still didn’t understand the sentence.

A. Having been told B. Though to be told

C. Having told D. He was told

此题答案选A， 因为根据句意， he与tell应是被动关系；另外，从时间上看，应该是“被告诉”在先，“没有理解”在后，故要用having been told这一现在分词的完成被动式。注意不能选D， 因为He was told与he still didn’t understand the sentence这两个简单句之间缺乏必要的衔接关系（参见下一题）。

例10.________many times， but he still didn’t understand the sentence.

A. Though he was told B. Having been told

C. He was told D. To have been told

此题答案选C， 句中的并列连词but表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明but前应是一个独立的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语（所以不能选B或D）， 又因为though为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它与连接并列句的并列连词but不“兼容”，所以也不能。

五、 我们要熟记一些固定或特殊用法及结构

这里有几种，比如说：独立主格结构、平行结构、省略等的用法需要单独识记。