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一、定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导从句的关系代词有:who,whom,whose(―般指人),which(―般指物),that(指人或物)
引导从句的关系副词有:where(地点),when(时间),why(原因)
例:This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.
这就是救了那个孩子命的医生。
二、which(whom)在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般可放在其前,也可放在其原来的位置上,在含有介词的固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上,而不能放在 which,whom之前。
例:①Please tell me from whom you borrowed the book.
=please tell me whom you borrowed the book from.
请告诉我你从谁那借的书。
②The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now the Lu Xun Museum.
鲁迅曾经住过的房子现在已经成为鲁迅博物馆。
三、在定语从句中that可以指人或物,代替who,whom,which在从句中作主语或谓语v.的宾语(不能放在介词后作介宾)
例:①The man that (who) is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
在会上发言的这个人是个工人。
②Is this the driver that (whom) you talked about yesterday.
这就你们昨天在谈论的那个司机么?
下列情况只能用that
a. 序数词或最高级adj. 修饰先行词时。
例:①The first English novel that I read was A Tale of two cities by Charles Dickens.
我读过的第一本英语小说是查尔斯•狄更斯写的《双城记》。
②Li Lei is the cleverest student that I have ever known.
李雷是我所见过的最聪明的学生。
b. all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词作先行词时,要用that.
例:①Everything that we saw in the museum great interested us.
我们在博物馆里看到的每一件事情都使我们很感兴趣。
②Miss Zhao has told us something that we should do in the summer holiday.
赵老师告诉了我们应该在暑假应该做的一些事情。
注:
1.关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。
2.关系代词whom,which,that在从句中作动宾时,口语中可省;作介宾时,关系代词不可省,放在介词之后。
四、When,where,why
①October 1st 1949 was the day when the People's Republic Of China was founded.(when在定语从句中作时间状语)。
1949年的10月1日是中华人民共和国的诞生之日。
②Everyone wants to visit the place where the star once worked.(where作地点状语)
每个人都想参观这个明星曾经工作过的地方。
五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制定语从句:是句中不可缺少的组成部分,没有从句,先行词意思不明确,主句也不完整,从句主句不用逗号合并。
非限制定语从句:主句先行词的补充说明,没有从句并不影响主句意思的明确或完整,这种定语从句一般用逗号和主句分开,在非限制定语从句中,一般不用that.
例:①Last Sunday they reached Dalian,where a meeting was to be held.
上周他们到了大连,在那里他们有个会议要举行。
②She has two brothers,who are both doctors.
他有两个兄弟,他们都是医生。