Study on the Physical Education in Colleges and Universities based on the Utilit
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Abstract. The foundation of the physical quality of young people can be almost firmly laid by the physical education in colleges and universities. However, in addition to strong bones and muscles, it is also very necessary to make the soul of young students more powerful through propagandizing some useful ideas. utilitarianism, as an ideology actually guiding higher education, should be necessarily criticized and complemented. However, it is more necessary to deeply think and implement the core idea of "grand goal" created and proposed by utilitarianism.
Key words: Physical Education; Utilitarianism; Colleges and Universities; Power of Ideas
Among all powers ruling the world, equivalent ideas and especially the self-produced grand ideological system are the most permanent and the most powerful. This is because that what political control and force suppress can conquer is only the physical body of human in general, but the power of ideas is able to make a decadent and withered body rejuvenated.
Utilitarianism became the mainstream philosophical thought of the 18th and 19th centuries. Although it was frequently criticized and reviled, it still owned very deep secular soil. Criticism philosopher Moore, who seemed to be extremely antagonistic with it, had to admit that it really possessed realistic utility and also had impacted and even dominated the behaviors of many people.
In the educational field and especially the physical educational field, utilitarianism is a fresh and vivid existence. In this paper, by using the physical educational activities of colleges and universities as carriers, the reality (i.e. common people will certainly quote the value standard of utilitarianism for making comparison and measurement and subsequently making decisions when making "choices and value judgments") is specifically discussed by the author. Hopefully, some conclusions of general meaning can also be deduced from point to the whole.
1.Core Theory of Utilitarianism
Bentham thought that all means advantageous to realize an established goal such as happiness and happiness were justifiable and should be advocated; on the contrary, all behaviors likely to hinder the realization of a goal were wrong and should be abandoned and critiqued. Just like a popular statement goes, any kind of means can be used for realizing a purpose. Obviously, this intensely conflicts with the ethics insisted by mass society and the moral dimensions commonly discussed by people, and also can't pass the test of scrutiny from the perspective of academic reasoning. This was certainly observed by Bentham and Moore of divine wisdoms very early. Therefore, they wrote a large number of articles on the definition of goal, and also preliminarily proposed the principle of benefit maximization. That is to say, the maximum of the overall welfare of the whole society has to be considered in the behaviors of individuals and the decisions made by governmental agencies.
2.Reality Soil of Utilitarianism
In recent years, utilitarianism becomes popular in China in recent years. Concerning about this phenomenon, the author thinks that in addition to the exquisite changes of the writing styles of Bentham, Moore and their followers, a reason with better explanation tension is that the soil for growing this theory certainly exits in the current society.
Since the traditional Chinese culture was completely denied by cultural and political elites in the new cultural movement, Chinese people began to lose their own faith actually. After dozens of years, the western mainstream philosophical thoughts were always learnt and introduced by Chinese people. However, none of them seemed to be truly able to attain a vigorous growth in the lands of China by the end of the last century. The extreme personal worship after the foundation of the People's Republic of China gave rise to the actual collapse of Chinese social ethics to a great extent. For this reason, an ideological theory, which can attain a healthy and strong growth in China, is urgently demanded by the society for supporting the behavioral mode of people and constructing Chinese spiritual world.
In terms of current social pattern and social class differentiation, the soil suitable for utilitarianism to grow still exists and will exist for a long time in Chinese society. After the restructuring in China, the gap between the rich and the poor is getting larger and larger, but can't be significantly and effectively controlled; most people firmly believe that the initial commitment of "common richness" is obvious to be far away from Chinese people. In the meantime, the concentration of wealth will inevitably result in the separation of social classes, and the concentration of power will certainly solidify the social classes defined by wealth. Thus, further propagandizing the Spirit of Lei Feng will produce no effect, and also will suffer the large-scale dislike or even protest of mass people.
3.Utilitarianism in the Physical Educational Field
The original meaning publicized by the utilitarianism should be targeted at purpose. Next, the current development situation and actual guiding ideology of physical education and especially the physical educational field in colleges and universities will be discussed, hopefully providing constructive thinking and research directions for the enthusiastic people of social conscience. Subsequently, helps can be given to the improvement of Chinese society.