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when 和while虽然它们都可以表示“当(在)……时候”的含义,但在具体用法上,它们的侧重点各有不同。你想进一步了解它们的用法吗?那么一起来打开when与while的机密档案吧!
[一号档案]when的档案
when意为“什么时间”。例如:
When do you usually get up?
你通常什么时间起床?
when 还可以引导时间状语从句。需要特别注意的是:在含时间状语从句的复合句中,当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时,when引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来。例如:
I will give the letter to Ted when I see him next week.
等我下周见到泰德时,我就把这封信给他。
Please call me when you arrive in Shanghai.
你到上海时给我打电话。
与过去进行时“牵手”的when对我们来说可是个“新面孔”哦!
1. 表示过去某一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作还在进行之中。这时,主句用过去进行时,when引导的从句用一般过去时。例如:
When I came home yesterday, Mom was cooking dinner.
昨天当我到家时,妈妈正在做晚餐。
2. 表示过去某一个动作正在进行的过程中,又发生了另一个动作。此时,when引导的从句用过去进行时,主句用一般过去时。例如:
When I was walking in the park, I heard a little boy crying.
我在公园散步时,听见有个小男孩在哭。
3. 在上面的两个例句中,when引导的从句都位于主句之前。如果when引导的从句位于主句之后,此时when就相当于and then, and suddenly, and at that moment, and at that time。也就是说,此时它更强调某一动作的突然性。尤其是当主句中有just, 或从句中有suddenly 等词时,这种突然性就更为明显,我们可以把它译为“恰在这时” “突然”等。例如:
The children were playing games when it began to rain.
孩子们正在玩游戏时,(突然)下起了雨。
I was doing chores when the doorbell rang.
当我在做家务时,门铃(突然)响了。
[二号档案]while的档案
表示在过去某一动作正在进行时,另一动作也发生了。这时,主句用一般过去时,while 引导的从句用过去进行时。例如:
While we were walking on the island, we saw lots of lovely monkeys.
当我们在岛上散步时,看到了许多可爱的猴子。
当主从句的动作都在同一段时间内同时发生时,主从句都用进行时态。例如:
While the teacher was talking, we were listening carefully.
老师讲课时,我们在仔细听讲。
在类似下面的句子中,while也可表示一种对比:
She is a policewoman while her sister is an actress.
她是一名警察,而她妹妹却是一名演员。
[三号档案]区别档案
仔细阅读上面的when与while的“机密档案”后,我们可以知道:while只与延续性动词“结盟”,而when既可以和延续性动词“结盟”也可与终止性动词“结盟”,具体情况如下:
1. while 只可指“段”时间,不可指“点”时间――也就是说,while 引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词。不过,这时的while可用when代替。例如:
When/While I was watching TV, my friends arrived.
我在看电视时,朋友们到了。
2. when 除了可指“段”时间外,主要还用来指“点”时间――也就是说,when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词。例如:
When I went to see her, she was writing a letter to her mother.
我去看她时,她正在给妈妈写信。(go为终止性动词,when不可换为while)
When we got there, the bus had left.
我们到达时,公共汽车已经开走了。(get为终止性动词,when不可换为while)
[热身练习] 请用when 或while完成下列各句:
1. Kate was singing an English song________her mother was reading an evening newspaper.
2. ________Linda was running, she hurt her right leg.
3. What were you doing________the UFO arrived at the village?
4. ________the UFO landed, I was walking.
5. What was John doing________the plane took off?
Key:1. while 2. When/While 3. when 4. When5. when