一站式青年中心;青年成功故事
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Introduction
引言
Globally， young people between the ages of 15 and 24 represent 18 per cent of the world’s population or 1.2 billion people and majority of them live in developing countries. Youth are a great resource for building the economies of cities， and indeed of countries. This is why UN-Habitat is working hard to improve employability and entrepreneurship among young people.
Taking this into account， UN-Habitat in cooperation with Municipal Authorities initiated the global partnership initiative on urban youth development to create One-Stop Youth Centres in urban settings where young people could be trained in Information Communication Technology （ICT）， Entrepreneurship， Business incubation skills， and employment generation. The first Centre was established in Nairobi in 2003， since then， One Stop Youth Centers have been established in five cities in Africa. Plans are under way to expand the programme to Asia and Latin America.
15到24岁的青年占全世界人口的18%，数量达12亿，其中绝大部分来自于发展中国家。青年是城市经济乃至国家建设的重要动力，这也是联合国人居署长期致力于提高青年就业率和创业率的原因所在。
鉴于此，联合国人居署与市政机构共同发起了世界城市青年发展的合作倡议，在城市中创建一站式青年中心，让青年从中学习信息通讯技术（ICT）、创业、商业孵化技能，从而增加就业机会。第一家一站式青年中心在2003年于内罗毕成立，之后又纷纷在非洲其它五个城市设立。目前该项目正计划向亚洲和拉丁美洲地区拓展。
The One Stop programme is based on the belief that youth engagement and empowerment through training and capacity development is key to addressing the challenges faced by young people. Although each Centre is unique in the programmes it delivers， the main areas of focus include programmes related to the promotion of youth employment and entrepreneurship， arts and sports， skills training， mentorship and HIV/Aids.. The Centers also strengthen the capacity of cities to engage youth in local decision making and city development strategies that address youth issues.
In a similar initiative， UN-Habitat in collaboration with partners such as Altaawon has also opened satellite centers in informal settlements in Nairobi and Mombasa for young people in those areas to access services such as Information Communication Technology training， computer and internet resources as well as HIV/AIDS education， entrepreneurship training.
一站式青年中心基于这样一种信念，即通过培训和能力构建提高青年参与和赋权，这对于解决青年人所面对的诸多问题是十分关键的。虽然每个中心的具体项目不同，但是重点内容都涉及提高青年就业和创业机会，传播艺术和体育精神，开展技能培训，设立导师机制，开展艾滋病防治等内容。中心还加强了城市的能力，使其更好地鼓励青年参与以解决青年问题为目的的地方政策的决策过程和城市发展战略的制定过程。
联合国人居署还和Altaawon等合作伙伴携手，在内罗毕和蒙巴萨为青年设置了非官方的卫星中心，让这些青年能够获取如ICT培训、电脑和因特网资源，同时开展包括艾滋病防治教育，创业培训等在内的活动。
Kajjansi Youth in Development Initiative， Uganda
乌干达・坎江锡青年发展开创组织
Kajjansi Youth in Development Initiative （KYDI） is a youth-led group started by Kenneth， a youth trained in Entrepreneurship at the One Stop Youth Centre in Kampala. Before the training， Kenneth was jobless and had dropped out of college due to financial challenges. Given his commitment to empowering young people， he was selected to participate in the UN-Habitat Training the Trainer Entrepreneurship programme that was held in Nairobi in 2009. Kenneth says that， the training is the best thing that happened to him because it helped him identify the opportunities that existed in his home town of Kajjansi in Uganda. Kenneth used savings of the training allowances to pay his fees and decided to start up KYDI to support other young people. He identified unemployment problems faced by many young people and the poor such as the challenge of solid waste management and disposal in and around Kajjansi. In addressing this， in 2009， Kenneth established a Garbage Management Unit that provides garbage collection as well as gardening services in Kajjansi 8 kilometers from Kampala city. Kenneth is happy to report that the initiative that started only with 3 clients has expanded to over 80 registered clients and employs 8 young men and women today. Currently the group has been recommended to undertake a contract with an upcoming Private Sector Recycling plant.
坎江锡青年发展开创组织是由一名曾于坎帕拉接受过一站式青年中心的创业培训的青年带领创建的，他叫肯尼思。参加培训之前，肯尼思没有工作，而且由于贫穷，已从大学辍学。但是因为他拥有帮助其他年轻人的热忱，而被选入参加于2009年内罗毕成立的创业技能培训项目。肯尼思说，这个培训是他生命中最难得的经历，参加培训后，他抓住了在他家乡坎江锡镇的创业机会。肯尼思用培训资助节省下的钱创建了坎江锡青年发展开创组织，以帮助其他的青年人。他看到在坎江锡镇附近，很多青年和穷人都没有工作，该地区在固体垃圾管理和处理方面存在严重问题。于是在2009年，肯尼思在距离坎帕拉8公里的坎江锡镇创建了一个垃圾管理中心，提供垃圾回收和园艺服务。肯尼思很高兴地向人居署汇报，这些活动已经由当初的3个客户发展到现在的80多个，青年员工也扩展到8个。目前该组织已被推荐与一家即将建成的私营回收厂合作。
“I am happy that the initiative that started as a dream has grown and I am able to earn a living from it. Impacting on the livelihoods of other young people and my community gives me the confidence to carry on.” states Kenneth.
The group that started with only 3 clients in 2009 in Kajjansi has today expanded to include a wide range of clients around Lweza， Hossana Estate， Kajjansi， Kawotto， Kitende ， Jomayi Estate and Bwebajja. Youth are being employed hence improving on their livelihoods and those of their families； with a perceived reduction in idleness hence lesscrimes. A good practice of solid waste management has been established within the communities， with possible impact on issues such as climate change.
Kenneth’s major challenge is that the project uses hired trucks and due to constant increase in fuel price， the owners keep on increasing their charges， and this affects the project profits. However， as the project expands he plans to purchase a truck.
“我很高兴得看到，一个梦想真的实现了，我也能够养活自己了。尤其是它对其他青年的生活和社区的影响给了我继续前进的信心，”肯尼思如是说。
这个2009年只有3个客户的小公司，现在的客户网已经拓展到卢万泽， 霍萨纳， 坎江锡镇， 卡瓦托， 柯特德， 周马义和波位巴甲等多个地区。不仅帮助青年解决了自身就业，同时也使得他们的生活得到了改善，家人的生活也得到了保障，同时由于不再闲置在家，青年犯罪率也大为减少。社区内逐渐形成了一个良好的固体垃圾管理的风尚，这些垃圾对气候变化的影响也大大减少。
肯尼思的主要挑战是他这个项目目前使用的租赁货车，由于燃料费不断上涨，货车车主也不断增加租赁费用，直接影响了项目的利润。为解决这个问题，随着项目的扩大，他计划购买一辆货车。
Daniel Omband
丹尼尔・欧姆班德
Daniel Omband is now a household name around Korogocho when it comes to parties， weddings， and even burial ceremonies. Daniel is one of the young people who ventured into photography and videography as a career. He attributes this to the IT skills he learned at the Altaawon Youth Satellite Centre.
He recalls that immediately after the training he was sure of what he wanted to pursue； photography had been his childhood dream and， with the newly acquired IT skills， he also became interested in video production. He was offered apprenticeship opportunities in video coverage and photography. In December 2010 he was ready to start his business.
Using the IT skills that he had learned （record keeping， Publisher， Photoshop， and video editing）， coupled with training on video and photography， Daniel was able to start a business beginning with few clients. Recognizing his expertise， his clients started marketing him and now Daniel works as a videographer for wedding ceremonies， birthday parties and other special occasions. He also produces documentaries and short films for non-governmental organizations and companies.
在科罗戈乔一带，居民举办派对、婚礼，甚至葬礼时首先想到的便是丹尼尔・欧姆班德家。丹尼尔是那些以摄影和录像作为职业的年轻人中的一员。这归功于他在埃塔亚文青年网点中心学习到的IT技术。
他回忆说，在他刚结束培训的时候就明确地知道自己想要追求的是什么。摄影是他儿时以来的梦想，在学习了IT技术之后，他又迷上了录像制作。他先是得到了一个有关视频报道和摄影的实习机会，随后在2010年12月，他准备自己创业。
凭借他学到的IT技术（记录保存、出版、Photoshop照片编辑和视频编辑），结合摄影和摄像的培训，丹尼尔开始了自己的生意。起初，他的客人并不多。在了解了他的技术后，他的客人开始主动为他宣传。现在，除了为婚礼、生日派对和其他特殊场合提供摄像服务之外，他也会为非政府组织或公司拍摄一些纪录片和微电影。
“Altaawon training has truly opened up my horizon. I am now totally self-reliant and saving some money to expand my business in the future. I am currently planning to register a company in order to get more credibility and also access bigger market，” says Daniel.
Daniel’s work does not come without challenges； he cites lack of equipment as one of these， since he must take care of all his video editing work at the Altaawon Satellite Centre. However， he is working towards purchasing his own computer to cut production costs and to also work in the evenings from his own home.
Daniel is thinking about diversifying his business to deal not only with production， but also advertisement， event management and news coverage.
“在埃塔亚文的培训真的打开了我的眼界。我现在完全自力更生，而且正在攒钱，希望以后能把我的生意做大。最近我计划注册一个公司，以获得更多信誉、进入更大的市场”，丹尼尔告诉我们。
不过，丹尼尔的工作并非一帆风顺。他提到，缺乏设备是他遇到的困难之一，因此他不得不在埃塔亚文青年网点中心完成他所有的工作。但是，他现在正在努力赚钱购置一台自己的电脑，这样他就能降低制作成本，晚上也可以在家进行工作。
如今的丹尼尔正在考虑将他的业务变得更加多元化，他希望尝试广告、策划和新闻报道等工作，而不再局限于摄像制作。